{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:51:16Z","timestamp":1791978676373,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":263,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pers Soc Psychol Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Academic Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Active inference is an integrative theoretical framework that models the nervous system as a statistical engine for predicting and regulating sensory input. Within this framework, perception and behavior work toward the same imperative: minimizing uncertainty. The current article extends this approach to the inferences social agents make about themselves as both subjects and objects of experience. The resulting model conceptualizes \u201cThe Game of Self\u201d as a continuous Bayesian updating of episodic and semantic self-representations in order to reduce self-related uncertainty. The model proposes a bidirectional predictive loop that evolves over time\u2014semantic representations of identity guide the construction of episodic experience, while those experiences, in turn, shape semantic self-categorization. In both directions, the self-representations that emerge through active inference are those with the highest posterior probabilities given situational evidence. The article explores how episodic and semantic self-representations are continuously shaped by a dynamic and adaptive process of Bayesian inference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Public Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Who am I? What am I feeling? What should I do? These are fundamental questions that people ask themselves throughout their lives\u2014and the answers can shape everything from small decisions to major life changes. But how do we come to know ourselves in the face of social and personal uncertainty? This article examines how the brain uses statistical modeling to make sense of identity and experience in an uncertain world. It introduces the concept of \u201cThe Game of Self\u201d\u2014an ongoing cycle between who we think we are and what we\u2019re experiencing. Our beliefs about who we are shape what we experience, and our experiences shape who we think we are. In each moment, our sense of self is the brain\u2019s best statistical guess about our current identity and lived experience. This framework offers new ways to think about selfhood\u2014not as fixed, but as adaptive and responsive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10888683261422344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T10:21:59Z","timestamp":1773224519000},"page":"505-538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Game of Self: Identity and Experience as Active Inference"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3595-8417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob B.","family":"Hirsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Management, University of Toronto Mississauga, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","volume-title":"Social identity theory: Constructive and critical advances","author":"Abrams D.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Abrams D., Hogg M. 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