{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T10:11:16Z","timestamp":1783937476866,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]],"date-time":"2000-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":965088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Educ Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Data from 76 qualitative interviews with 18- to 29-year-old African American men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chicago and Atlanta were examined to identify perceptions of \u201ccommunity\u201d and components of a community-level HIV\/AIDS intervention. Many men reported feeling marginal to African American and gay White communities because of perceived homophobia and racism. Those who reported feeling part of gay African American communities characterized communities in terms of settings, social structures, and functions, including social support, socialization, and mobility. Despite these positive functions, divisions among groups of MSM, lack of settings for nonsexual interaction with other MSM, lack of leadership, and negative attitudes toward homosexuality may make it difficult for men to participate in activities to alter community contexts that influence behavior. Rather, changing norms, increasing social support, and community building should be part of initial community-level interventions. Community building might identify leaders, cre ate new settings, and create opportunities for dialogue between MSM and African American community groups to address negative perceptions of homosexuality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/109019810002700406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,13]],"date-time":"2007-02-13T18:51:22Z","timestamp":1171392682000},"page":"430-441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Finding the \u201cCommunity\u201d in Community-Level HIV\/AIDS Interventions: Formative Research with Young African American Men Who Have Sex with Men"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Joan Marie","family":"Kraft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Beeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Stokes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"XI International Con -ference on AIDS","author":"Denning P"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"XII International Conference on AIDS","author":"Valleroy L"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199603000-00011"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"278","volume":"10","author":"Stokes JP","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS Education and Prevention"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818801500401"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Health Promotion at the Community Level","author":"Bracht N","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00922689"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(97)00208-6"},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"9. Higgins DL:\n                      Social Capital and HIV Prevention\n                      . 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Woodyard J, Peterson JL, Stokes JP: Let us go into the house of the Lord: Participation in African American churches among young African American men who have sex with men. Submitted for review, 1998."}],"container-title":["Health Education &amp; Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/109019810002700406","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/109019810002700406","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:31:57Z","timestamp":1777447917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/109019810002700406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/109019810002700406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/109019810002700406","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-1981","1552-6127"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-1981","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6127","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]}}}