{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:28:17Z","timestamp":1777663697980,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Educ Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite high smoking rates among those living in poverty, few cessation studies are conducted in these populations. This cluster-randomized trial tested nicotine gum plus motivational interviewing (MI) for smoking cessation in 20 low-income housing developments (HDs). Intervention participants (10 HDs, n = 66) received educational materials, 8 weeks of 4 mg nicotine gum, and 5 MI sessions on quitting smoking. Comparison participants (10 HDs, n = 107) received 5 MI sessions and educational materials addressing fruit and vegetable consumption. Participants had a mean age of 46.3 years and were predominantly female (70%) and African American (83%). Biochemically-verified 7-day abstinence rates at 8 weeks were 6.1% and 5.6% in the intervention and comparison arms, respectively ( p = ns); and at 26 weeks were 7.6% and 9.3%, respectively ( p = ns). Results suggest that nicotine gum plus MI were not effective for smoking cessation in low-income housing. Programs are needed to enhance the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and counseling in underserved populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198106288046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,3]],"date-time":"2007-02-03T20:08:19Z","timestamp":1170533299000},"page":"43-54","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Pathways to Health: A Cluster Randomized Trial of Nicotine Gum and Motivational Interviewing for Smoking Cessation in Low-Income Housing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Kolawole S.","family":"Okuyemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aimee S.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Mayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Nollen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delwyn","family":"Catley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri-Kansas City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won S.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasjit S.","family":"Ahluwalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota Academic Health Center, Minneapolis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1998.00001.x"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"611","volume":"49","author":"Butler, C. 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