{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:29:15Z","timestamp":1777663755904,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,27]],"date-time":"2006-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1164585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Educ Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Theorists posit that personal decisions to disclose being HIV positive are made based on the perceived consequences of that disclosure. This study examines the perceived costs and benefits of self-disclosure among African American injection drug users (IDUs). A total of 80 African American IDUs were interviewed in-depth subsequent to testing HIV positive. Participants reported that interpersonal costs of self-disclosure included stigma, loss of sexual\/romantic partners, emotional harming of family\/friends, shattering of privacy, physical isolation, blame, and loss of income. The benefits of disclosure included social support, emotional catharsis, and income. Four factors that help to tip the scales in either direction were identified. Study findings have implications for the delivery of counseling, testing, and partner notification services to African American IDUs living with HIV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198108316595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,12]],"date-time":"2008-08-12T23:04:29Z","timestamp":1218582269000},"page":"155-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Weighing the Consequences"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Maribel","family":"Valle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Health Studies, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"HIV prevention in the third decade: Activities of CDC's division of HIV\/AIDS prevention","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.","year":"2005"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Cline, R.J. & McKenzie, N.J. (2000). Dilemmas of disclosure in the age of HIV\/AIDS: Balancing privacy and protection in the health care context. In S. Petronio (Ed.), Balancing the secrets of private disclosures (pp. 71-82). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"issue":"1","key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-2005-00480","volume":"25","author":"Conyers, L.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Dindia, K. (2000). Sex differences in self-disclosure, reciprocity of self-disclosure, and self-disclosure and liking: Three meta-analyses revised. In S. Petronio (Ed.), Balancing the secrets of private disclosure (pp. 21-35). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.21.4.252"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Discovery of grounded theory","author":"Glaser, B.","year":"1967"},{"key":"atypb7","unstructured":"Hastings, S.O. (2000). \"Egocasting\" in the avoidance of disclosure. In S. Petronio (Ed.), Balancing the secrets of private disclosures (pp. 235-248). Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199303000-00019"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.3.371"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Outsiders in a hearing world: A sociology of deafness","author":"Higgins, P.C.","year":"1980"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540129850124578"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199506000-00017"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120701449138"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"Atlas.ti (version 4.1) [Computer software]","author":"Muhr, T.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"Parrott, R., Duncan, V. & Duggan, A. (2000). Promoting patients' full and honest disclosure during conversations with health caregivers. In S. Petronio (Ed.), Balancing the secrets of private disclosure (pp. 137-147). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/1087291041703683"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.16.5.459.48741"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"The social system","author":"Parsons, T.","year":"1951"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petronio, S. (2000). The boundaries of privacy: Praxis of everyday life. In S. Petronio (Ed.), Balancing the secrets of private disclosure (pp. 37-39). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410604606"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120600652303"},{"key":"atypb21","unstructured":"Rosenfeld, L.B. (2000). Overview of the ways privacy, secrecy, and disclosure are balanced in today's society. In S. Petronio (Ed.), Balancing the secrets of private disclosure (pp. 3-17). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2004.01.007"},{"key":"atypb23","unstructured":"Rubin, D.L., Yang, H. & Porte, M. (2000). A comparison of self-reported self-disclosure among Chinese and North Americans. In S. Petronio (Ed.), Balancing the secrets of private disclosure (pp. 215-234). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/PR0.99.3.659-663"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/108729100438863"}],"container-title":["Health Education &amp; Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1090198108316595","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1090198108316595","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:33:33Z","timestamp":1777448013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1090198108316595"}},"subtitle":["Self-Disclosure of HIV-Positive Status Among African American Injection Drug Users"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,27]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1090198108316595"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1090198108316595","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-1981","1552-6127"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-1981","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6127","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,27]]}}}