{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:43:25Z","timestamp":1777664605164,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Educ Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction. The policing of identities through policies that restrict access to IDs issued by U.S. governmental entities disparately affects communities of color; communities who identify as low-income, immigrant, older, and\/or transgender; and community members who experience chronic mental illness, housing instability, or incarceration. Yet government-issued IDs are increasingly needed to access health-promoting resources such as housing, banking, social services, and health care, and in interactions with law enforcement. Methods. Since 2012, the Washtenaw ID Project\u2019s coalition-building process has involved communities affected by restrictive ID policies, advocates, and institutional stakeholders to enact community and systems change regarding inequities in government-issued IDs. We discuss the coalition-building process that culminated in the implementation of a photo ID issued by Washtenaw County government as a policy change strategy. We also highlight the community-academic research partnership evaluating the effectiveness of the Washtenaw ID in order to ensure equity in Washtenaw ID access and acceptance. Results. In 2015, 77% of Washtenaw ID holders reported having no other locally accepted ID. At follow-up, Washtenaw ID holders reported favorable Washtenaw ID acceptance rates in several domains (e.g., health care, school), but not when accessing banking services and housing. Additionally, community discussions suggested racial inequities in carding and ID acceptance. We discuss next steps for policy improvement to ensure equitable impact of the ID. Conclusions. Without national policy reform instating access to government-issued IDs for all, the social movement to establish local IDs may improve access to health-related resources contingent on having an ID. Careful attention must be paid to community organizing processes, policy implementation, and evaluation to ensure equity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198119864078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T05:45:21Z","timestamp":1569303921000},"page":"53S-61S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Washtenaw ID Project: A Government-Issued ID Coalition Working Toward Social, Economic, and Racial Justice and Health Equity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0964-4673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alana M. W.","family":"LeBr\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keta","family":"Cowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synod Community Services, Ypsilanti, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William D.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole L.","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ibarra-Frayre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Member-at-Large, Ypsilanti, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Delva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1090198119864078","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th Annual Cambio de Colores Conference","author":"A-wan I.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr2-1090198119864078","unstructured":"Barreto M., Frasure-Yokley L., Vargas E. D., Wong J. (2016). The Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey (CMPS). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.latinodecisions.com\/files\/1214\/8902\/9774\/cmps_methodology.pdf"},{"key":"bibr3-1090198119864078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13621020903174647"},{"key":"bibr4-1090198119864078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-010-0632-5"},{"key":"bibr5-1090198119864078","volume-title":"Citizens without proof: A survey of Americans\u2019 possession of documentary proof of citizenship and photo identification","author":"Brennan Center for Justice","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr6-1090198119864078","unstructured":"The Center for Popular Democracy. (2015). Building identity: A toolkit for designing and implementing a successful municipal ID program. Retrieved from https:\/\/populardemocracy.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Municipal-ID-Report_WEB_Nov2015_0.pdf"},{"key":"bibr7-1090198119864078","volume-title":"Permanent Residency Requirement for Driver\u2019s Licenses, Opinion No. 7210","author":"Cox M.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr8-1090198119864078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pops.12044"},{"key":"bibr9-1090198119864078","unstructured":"Domonoske C. (2018, October 13). Many native IDs won\u2019t be accepted at North Dakota polling places. National Public Radio. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/10\/13\/657125819\/many-native-ids-wont-be-accepted-at-north-dakota-polling-places"},{"key":"bibr10-1090198119864078","unstructured":"Flegenheimer M. (2014, October 7). Easing the law for New Yorkers shifting genders. New York Times. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/10\/08\/nyregion\/easing-the-law-for-new-yorkers-shifting-gender.html"},{"key":"bibr11-1090198119864078","unstructured":"Golub S. (2013). The past, present and possible future of legal empowerment: One practitioner\u2019s perspective. Retrieved from http:\/\/worldjusticeproject.org\/sites\/default\/files\/the_past_present_and_possible_future_of_legal_empowerment_golub.pdf"},{"key":"bibr12-1090198119864078","unstructured":"Golub S. (2015). What is legal empowerment? An introduction. In Organization I. D. L. (Ed.), Legal empowerment: Practitioners\u2019 perspectives. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.files.ethz.ch\/isn\/138100\/Golub_Introduction.pdf"},{"key":"bibr13-1090198119864078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.03.058"},{"key":"bibr14-1090198119864078","volume-title":"Methods for community-based participatory research for health","author":"Israel B. A.","year":"2012","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr15-1090198119864078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LaVigne N., Davies E., Palmer T., Halberstadt R. (2008). Release planning for successful reentry: A guide for corrections service providers and community groups. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.urban.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publication\/32056\/411767-Release-Planning-for-Successful-Reentry.PDF","DOI":"10.1037\/e719382011-001"},{"key":"bibr16-1090198119864078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/heq.2018.0022"},{"key":"bibr17-1090198119864078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-017-0579-3"},{"key":"bibr18-1090198119864078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12552-018-9238-0"},{"key":"bibr19-1090198119864078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2018.1425378"},{"key":"bibr20-1090198119864078","unstructured":"Mathema S. (2015). Providing identification to unauthorized immigrants: The state and local landscape of identification for unauthorized immigrants. Retrieved from https:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/23122616\/ProvidingIDs1.pdf"},{"key":"bibr21-1090198119864078","unstructured":"McClurg L. (2015, November 4). Proof of citizenship up in flames after California wildfires. National Public Radio. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2015\/11\/04\/453148830\/proof-of-citizenship-up-in-flames-after-california-wildfires"},{"key":"bibr22-1090198119864078","unstructured":"Niesse M. (2018, October 11). Lawsuit challenges 53,000 stalled Georgia voter registrations. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ajc.com\/news\/state\u2013regional-govt\u2013politics\/lawsuit-challenges-000-stalled-georgia-voter-registrations\/PK3tylRO9Z1ICNzDcH0FyH\/"},{"key":"bibr23-1090198119864078","unstructured":"Open Society Foundations. (2013). Bringing justice to health: The impact of legal empowerment projects on public health. 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