{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:31:49Z","timestamp":1777663909600,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Educ Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The mass human and economic casualties wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic laid bare the deep inequities at the base of the disproportionate losses and suffering experienced by diverse U.S. populations. But the urgency and enormity of unmet needs requiring bold policy action also provided a unique opportunity to learn from and partner with community-based organizations that often are at the frontlines of such work. Following a review of Kingdon\u2019s model of the policy-making process, we illustrate how a partnership in a large California county navigated the streams in the policy-making process and used the window of opportunity provided by the pandemic to address a major public health problem: the incarceration of over 2 million people, disproportionately African American and Latinx, in overcrowded, unsafe jails, prisons, and detention centers. We highlight tactics and strategies used, challenges faced, and implications for health educators as policy advocates during and beyond the pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198120933281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T01:16:16Z","timestamp":1591751776000},"page":"514-518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Seizing the Moment: Policy Advocacy to End Mass Incarceration in the Time of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7269-1221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meredith","family":"Minkler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Wakimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1090198120933281","unstructured":"Altman L. (2020, April 16). Santa Rita jail confirms more COVID-19 cases. The Independent. https:\/\/www.independentnews.com\/news\/santa-rita-jail-confirms-more-covid-19-cases\/article_e7b89a0c-7f93-11ea-8017-effa3f2e50e9.html"},{"key":"bibr2-1090198120933281","unstructured":"American Civil Liberties Union. (2020). COVID-19 model finds nearly 100,000 more deaths than current estimates, due to failures to reduce jails. A partnership between ACLU analytics and researchers from Washington State University, University of Pennsylvania, and University of Tennessee. https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/sites\/default\/files\/field_document\/aclu_covid19-jail-report_2020-8_1.pdf"},{"key":"bibr3-1090198120933281","unstructured":"Bates J. (2020, April 22). Ohio began mass testing incarcerated people for COVID-19: The results paint a bleak picture for the U.S. prison system. Time.com. https:\/\/time.com\/5825030\/ohio-mass-testing-prisons-coronavirus-outbreaks\/"},{"key":"bibr4-1090198120933281","unstructured":"Bay City News Service. (2020, April, 9). Activists call for Santa Rita inmates to be released. San Francisco Chronicle. https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/news\/bayarea\/article\/Activists-Call-For-Santa-Rita-Inmates-To-Be-15190637.php"},{"key":"bibr5-1090198120933281","unstructured":"BondGraham D. (2020, March 27). Oakland passes 2-month freeze on evictions for renters, small businesses. Berkeleyside. https:\/\/www.berkeleyside.com\/2020\/03\/27\/oakland-passes-2-month-freeze-on-evictions-for-renters-and-small-business-owners"},{"key":"bibr6-1090198120933281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breckwich V\u00e1squez V., Lanza D., Hennessey-Lavery S., Facente S., Halpin H. A., Minkler M. (2007). Addressing food security through public policy action in a community-based participatory research partnership. Health Promotion Practice, 8(4), 342\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524839906298501","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839906298501"},{"key":"bibr7-1090198120933281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cacari-Stone L., Wallerstein N., Garcia A. P., Minkler M. (2014). The promise of community-based participatory research for health equity: A conceptual model for bridging evidence with policy. American Journal of Public Health, 104(9), 1615\u20131623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2014.301961","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.301961"},{"key":"bibr8-1090198120933281","unstructured":"Cases surge in an Ohio prison, making it the top known U.S. hot spot. (2020, April 20). New York Times. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/04\/20\/us\/coronavirus-live-news.html#link-4ced1d"},{"key":"bibr9-1090198120933281","unstructured":"Community Justice Exchange & Public Health Awakened. (2020). Decarceration during COVID-19: A messaging toolkit for campaigns for mass release. https:\/\/www.communityjusticeexchange.org\/all-resources"},{"key":"bibr10-1090198120933281","first-page":"305","volume-title":"Community-based participatory research for health: Advancing social and health equity","author":"Devuono-Powell S.","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr11-1090198120933281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaber N., Wright A. (2016). Protecting urban health and safety: Balancing care and harm in the era of mass incarceration. Journal of Urban Health, 93(1), 68-77. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11524-015-0009-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-015-0009-6"},{"key":"bibr12-1090198120933281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hatzenbuehler M. L., Pachankis J. E. (2016). Stigma and minority stress as social determinants of health among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth: Research evidence and clinical implications. 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Human Impact Partners Health Instead of Punishment Program Team. https:\/\/medium.com\/@HumanImpact_HIP\/taking-action-for-health-justice-and-belonging-in-the-age-of-covid-19-bb6b84648d98"},{"key":"bibr17-1090198120933281","unstructured":"Sawyer W., Wagner P. (2020, March 24). Mass incarceration: The whole pie 2020. Prison Policy Initiative. https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/pie2020.html"},{"key":"bibr18-1090198120933281","unstructured":"Stillman S (2020, May 25). Compassionate release. The New Yorker. Retrieved May 20, 2020, from https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2020\/05\/25\/will-the-coronavirus-make-us-rethink-mass-incarceration?"},{"key":"bibr19-1090198120933281","unstructured":"Wagner P., Kopf D. (2015). Prison Policy Initiative Report: The racial geography of mass incarceration. https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/racialgeography\/"},{"key":"bibr20-1090198120933281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wallace M., Marlow M., Simonson S., Walker M., Christophe N., Dominguez O., Kleamenakis L., Orellana A., Pagan-Pena D., Singh C., Pogue M., Saucier L., Lo T., Benson K., Sokol T. (2020). COVID-19 in correctional and detention facilities\u2014United States, February\u2013April 2020. MMWR. 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