{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:33:46Z","timestamp":1777664026209,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000951","name":"Cancer Council Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Educ Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Skin cancer prevention efforts in Australia have increasingly incorporated a focus on protection during incidental sun exposure. This complements the long-present messages promoting protection in high-risk settings and avoidance of acute intense bouts of sun exposure. Data from two waves of a cross-sectional direct observational survey was used to assess the prevalence and correlates of N = 12,083 adolescents\u2019 and adults\u2019 sun protection behavior (arm and leg cover, hat, sunglasses, and shade cover). Individuals were observed in public outdoor settings in Melbourne, Australia during peak ultraviolet (UV) times (11 a.m.\u20133 p.m.) on summer weekends. Settings included pools and beaches, parks and gardens, and for the first time in 2018, outdoor streets and caf\u00e9s which may capture more incidental forms of sun exposure and represent another public setting where Australians commonly spend time outdoors. Females and older adults were consistently better protected than males and adolescents. Physical activity was strongly associated with low shade cover across settings. Weather was more strongly associated with sun protection at outdoor streets\/cafes and parks\/gardens than at pools\/beaches but use of observed sun protection (particularly arm cover and covering hat) was low across settings. Continued public education about UV risk and its relation to weather and the seasons is needed to promote the routine use of multiple forms of sun protection during outdoor activities in peak UV times, especially among males and adolescents. Findings also highlight the importance of considering activity demands of public spaces in shade planning to optimize sun protection during outdoor activities in public spaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10901981211026535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T01:18:45Z","timestamp":1625793525000},"page":"405-414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prevalence and Correlates of Observed Sun Protection Behaviors Across Different Public Outdoor Settings in Melbourne, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3616-6673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashleigh","family":"Haynes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Nathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children\u2019s Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6085-329X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clover","family":"Maitland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Wakefield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Dobbinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1688.1"},{"key":"bibr2-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2017.04.004"},{"key":"bibr3-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2015.11.015"},{"key":"bibr4-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.05.033"},{"key":"bibr5-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304071"},{"key":"bibr6-10901981211026535","unstructured":"Cancer Council Australia. (2019). Slip slop slap seek slide. https:\/\/www.cancer.org.au\/preventing-cancer\/sun-protection\/campaigns-and-events\/slip-slop-slap-seek-slide.html"},{"key":"bibr7-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730601093371"},{"key":"bibr8-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233220"},{"key":"bibr9-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302185"},{"key":"bibr10-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.1997.tb01717.x"},{"key":"bibr11-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00390-1"},{"key":"bibr12-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105302007003216"},{"key":"bibr13-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/18.2.145"},{"key":"bibr14-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-213"},{"key":"bibr15-10901981211026535","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services. (2020). Shade Grants Program. https:\/\/www2.health.vic.gov.au\/public-health\/preventive-health\/skin-cancer-prevention"},{"key":"bibr16-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13011"},{"key":"bibr17-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-0369"},{"key":"bibr18-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198110369057"},{"key":"bibr19-10901981211026535","first-page":"448","volume-title":"The Cambridge handbook of psychology, health and medicine","author":"Dobbinson S.","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr20-10901981211026535","volume-title":"VicHealth healthy sports clubs study: A survey of structures, policy and practice","author":"Dobbinson S.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr21-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/dak001"},{"key":"bibr22-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-013-0454-5"},{"key":"bibr23-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2013.12.007"},{"key":"bibr24-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176102"},{"key":"bibr25-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.06.011"},{"key":"bibr26-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.09.024"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr27-10901981211026535","first-page":"43","volume":"6","author":"Earl C.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environmental Health"},{"key":"bibr28-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12855"},{"key":"bibr29-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-018-0522-0"},{"key":"bibr30-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0709"},{"key":"bibr31-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2020.106230"},{"key":"bibr32-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.144.4.538"},{"key":"bibr33-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2014.02.018"},{"key":"bibr34-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13671-020-00288-0"},{"key":"bibr35-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/HE12052"},{"key":"bibr36-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-009-9219-2"},{"key":"bibr37-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-016-0986-5"},{"key":"bibr38-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12807"},{"key":"bibr39-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2006.01.003"},{"key":"bibr40-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-007-9041-5"},{"key":"bibr41-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318194eae7"},{"key":"bibr42-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12082"},{"key":"bibr43-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.20086"},{"key":"bibr44-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000060807"},{"key":"bibr45-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ausmj.2011.05.008"},{"key":"bibr46-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109019810102800304"},{"key":"bibr47-10901981211026535","volume-title":"Evaluation of Sun Observation Study (\u201cSun Obs\u201d) methods for 2020 and beyond","author":"Nathan A.","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr48-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hpja.273"},{"key":"bibr49-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7421-x"},{"key":"bibr50-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1396-0296.2004.04S1007.x"},{"key":"bibr51-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12470"},{"key":"bibr52-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12237"},{"key":"bibr53-10901981211026535","unstructured":"Pinault L., Fioletov V. (2017). Sun exposure, sun protection and sunburn among Canadian adults. Health Reports, 28(5), 12\u201319. https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/en\/pub\/82-003-x\/2017005\/article\/14792-eng.pdf?st=T-gir4ud"},{"key":"bibr54-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyq066"},{"key":"bibr55-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2018.09.041"},{"key":"bibr56-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732312443426"},{"key":"bibr57-10901981211026535","volume-title":"Stata statistical software","author":"StataCorp","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr58-10901981211026535","unstructured":"Stoneham M., Earl C., Baldwin L. (2007). Creating shade at public facilities: Policy and guidelines for local government (2nd ed.). https:\/\/www.health.qld.gov.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0020\/422264\/20267.pdf"},{"key":"bibr59-10901981211026535","unstructured":"SunSmart. (n.d.). Advice for sports groups. https:\/\/www.sunsmart.com.au\/advice-for\/sports-groups"},{"key":"bibr60-10901981211026535","unstructured":"SunSmart. (2019). Advice for local government. https:\/\/www.sunsmart.com.au\/communities\/local-government"},{"key":"bibr61-10901981211026535","unstructured":"SunSmart Victoria. (n.d.). Media and campaigns. https:\/\/www.sunsmart.com.au\/about\/media-campaigns"},{"key":"bibr62-10901981211026535","unstructured":"Tabbakh T., Dobbinson S. (2018). Are Australians using sunscreen and other sun protection behaviours effectively? [Conference paper]. NIWA UV Workshop, Wellington, New Zealand. https:\/\/niwa.co.nz\/sites\/niwa.co.nz\/files\/Dobbinson_SunscreenuseinAustralia_v2.pdf"},{"key":"bibr63-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002932"},{"key":"bibr64-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-010-0393-2"},{"key":"bibr65-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12012"},{"key":"bibr66-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19325037.2016.1271755"},{"key":"bibr67-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12873"},{"key":"bibr68-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12272"},{"key":"bibr69-10901981211026535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304155"}],"container-title":["Health Education &amp; Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10901981211026535","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10901981211026535","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10901981211026535","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:34:34Z","timestamp":1777448074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10901981211026535"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10901981211026535"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10901981211026535","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-1981","1552-6127"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-1981","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6127","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]}}}