{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:36:26Z","timestamp":1777664186973,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Educ Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social media platforms have become a popular source for health information despite concerns about the quality of content shared. We examined how oral contraceptive pills and intrauterine devices are framed on the platform Pinterest using the Health Belief Model (HBM), as well as how fertility awareness methods are portrayed as an alternative to hormonal contraception.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected pins in February 2021 using searches for birth control, oral contraceptives, and intrauterine devices. After excluding paid ads and pins not relevant to contraceptive use, we conducted a content analysis of 404 pins using a coding framework grounded in the HBM. We carried out descriptive statistics for all variables in the final sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following coding, we found that 54.7% of pins mentioned oral contraceptive pills, 41.58% mentioned intrauterine devices, and 11.63% mentioned fertility awareness methods. Fertility awareness pins had the highest percentage of benefits conveyed (70.21%), followed by intrauterine devices (44.05%), then oral contraceptive pills (38.91%). Pill pins had the highest percentage of barriers conveyed (52.94%) and fertility awareness had the least (25.53%). Side effects were the most mentioned barrier among pill (37.10%) and intrauterine device pins (23.21%). Very few pins were made by (2.48%) or originated with medical institutions (5.45%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral contraceptive pills are often negatively framed on Pinterest, whereas intrauterine devices and fertility awareness methods are more positively framed. This suggests a need for clear communication from clinicians regarding all contraceptive options and their relative merits and risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10901981231152238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T06:01:50Z","timestamp":1675404110000},"page":"783-791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Oh Baby! A Content Analysis of Contraception Pins on Pinterest"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Tessa","family":"Kohler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenosha County Public Health, Kenosha, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6903-7464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanine P. D.","family":"Guidry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Perrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3272-9317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linnea","family":"Laestadius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10901981231152238","first-page":"30","volume-title":"Predicting health behaviour: Research and practice with social cognition models","author":"Abraham C.","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr2-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.644284"},{"key":"bibr3-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2017.05.007"},{"key":"bibr4-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2020.02.005"},{"key":"bibr5-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1363459320969775"},{"key":"bibr6-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1363\/psrh.12161"},{"key":"bibr7-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-020-01799-2"},{"key":"bibr8-10901981231152238","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Current use of contraceptive methods, 2017-2019. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nsfg\/key_statistics\/c-keystat.htm#currentuse"},{"key":"bibr9-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/17917"},{"key":"bibr10-10901981231152238","unstructured":"Cohen R., Adams P. (2011). Use of the internet for health information: United States, 2009 (NCHS data brief no. 66). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/databriefs\/db66.pdf"},{"key":"bibr11-10901981231152238","first-page":"1","volume":"62","author":"Daniels K.","year":"2013","journal-title":"National Health Statistics Reports"},{"key":"bibr12-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2016.1266716"},{"key":"bibr13-10901981231152238","unstructured":"Donnelly M. (2021). Hot sales title: \u201cThe business of birth control\u201d reunites Ricki Lake and Abby Epstein at DOC NYC. https:\/\/variety.com\/2021\/film\/news\/ricki-lake-abby-epstein-business-of-birth-control-documentary-1235111233\/"},{"key":"bibr14-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2016.04.160022"},{"key":"bibr15-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.858977"},{"key":"bibr16-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244014522633"},{"key":"bibr17-10901981231152238","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. (2018). FDA allows marketing of first direct-to-consumer app for contraceptive use to prevent pregnancy. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-allows-marketing-first-direct-consumer-app-contraceptive-use-prevent-pregnancy"},{"key":"bibr18-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1363\/4410712"},{"key":"bibr19-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2017.1343935"},{"key":"bibr20-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2017.07.007"},{"key":"bibr21-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.09.029"},{"key":"bibr22-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2014.07.010"},{"key":"bibr23-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.06.012"},{"key":"bibr24-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305827"},{"key":"bibr25-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-2011.2011.00110.x"},{"key":"bibr26-10901981231152238","unstructured":"Kavanaugh M. L., Anderson R. (2013). Contraception and beyond: The health benefits of services provided at family planning centers. Guttmacher Institute. https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/report\/contraception-and-beyond-health-benefits-services-provided-family-planning-centers"},{"key":"bibr27-10901981231152238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2017.10.003"},{"key":"bibr28-10901981231152238","unstructured":"KFF Women\u2019s Health Survey. (2022). Contraception in the United States: A closer look at experiences, preferences, and coverage. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/report-section\/contraception-in-the-united-states-a-closer-look-at-experiences-preferences-and-coverage-findings\/"},{"key":"bibr29-10901981231152238","unstructured":"Krippendorff K. (2011). 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