{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:13:17Z","timestamp":1777867997883,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004804","name":"California Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CN210029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CN210029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004804","name":"California Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CN230054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CN230054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Educ Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The California Department of Education (CDE) has operated the statewide, school-based, Tobacco-Use Prevention Education (TUPE) Program since 1989. Evaluating the impact of such a program is challenging in a real-world context, where multiple tobacco prevention activities have been ongoing for years and occur simultaneously. This study aimed to determine how TUPE funding was distributed geographically and whether it was associated with increased tobacco training and prevention activity in California public schools. TUPE funding levels were compared by region, and staff of randomly selected middle and high schools (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 6,115 staff from 1,383 schools) were recruited to participate in the California Educator Tobacco Survey, administered March\u2013June 2022. TUPE-funded and non-TUPE-funded schools were compared on respondent characteristics, health priorities, substance use prevention training, and tobacco prevention activities. Regional distribution of funding followed the same rank order as youth tobacco use rates. TUPE-funded staff were significantly more likely than non-TUPE-funded staff to perceive tobacco as a school health priority (28.0% vs. 22.6%), receive training on tobacco prevention (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4), and report that their school offered\n                    <jats:underline>&gt;<\/jats:underline>\n                    3 tobacco prevention activities (OR = 2.1). The main conclusion was that TUPE funding was associated with increased tobacco training and prevention activity. The study also demonstrated the value of school staff surveys in assessing the implementation of tobacco prevention programming. Encouraging applications from rural, high-prevalence areas may be important in countering geographic disparities. To address the low prioritization of tobacco, future tobacco prevention efforts may aim for closer integration with other student health programs (e.g., mental health, marijuana use prevention).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10901981251391146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T13:43:31Z","timestamp":1763214211000},"page":"304-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["School Staff Perspectives on Tobacco Prevention: Findings From a Statewide Educator Survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5009-3115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3755-2827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gino","family":"Acevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9353-3671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ding Ding","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1801-6604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4149-3441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-Hong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker K. A. Campbell N. J. Noonan D. Thompson J. A. Derouin A. (2022). Vaping prevention in a middle school population using CATCH My Breath. Journal of Pediatric Health Care 36(2) 90\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedhc.2021.07.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2021.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","unstructured":"Ballotpedia. (2016). California proposition 56 tobacco tax increase. https:\/\/ballotpedia.org\/California_Proposition_56 _Tobacco_Tax_Increase_(2016)#cite_note-text-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","unstructured":"California Department of Education. (2021 February 18). Funding results: Tobacco-use prevention education: Grades 6\u201312 Tier 2. https:\/\/www.cde.ca.gov\/fg\/fo\/r8\/fundresult2021tier2.asp"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","unstructured":"California Department of Education. (2023 May 2). Tobacco-use prevention education program overview. https:\/\/www.cde.ca.gov\/ls\/he\/at\/tupeoverview.asp"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","unstructured":"California Department of Education. (2024 July 9). Enrollment by school (1981\u20132022). https:\/\/www.cde.ca.gov\/ds\/ad\/fileshistenr8122.asp"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","volume-title":"Tobacco-use prevention education program Tier 2 grant, fiscal year 2020\u201323: Request for applications for programs serving grades six through twelve","author":"California Department of Education, Tobacco-Use Prevention Education Office","year":"2020","unstructured":"California Department of Education, Tobacco-Use Prevention Education Office. (2020). Tobacco-use prevention education program Tier 2 grant, fiscal year 2020\u201323: Request for applications for programs serving grades six through twelve. California Department of Education."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","unstructured":"California Department of Education Whole Child Division Tobacco-Use Prevention Education Office. (2025). TUPE program: Past present and future. California Department of Education. https:\/\/www.cde.ca.gov\/LS\/he\/at\/documents\/tupeprogprofile.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for school health programs to prevent tobacco use and addiction","volume":"43","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1994","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1994). Guidelines for school health programs to prevent tobacco use and addiction. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Recommendations and Reports, 43(RR-2), 1\u201318.","journal-title":"MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Recommendations and Reports"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Distefan J. M. Gilpin E. A. Pierce J. P. (2000). The effectiveness of tobacco control in California schools. Journal of School Health 70(1) 28\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2000.tb06444.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2000.tb06444.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","volume-title":"Annual results report for the California Youth Tobacco Survey 2022","author":"Dutra L. M.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dutra L. M., Ingold-Smith M., Rotermund S., Clodfelter R., Levine B. (2023). Annual results report for the California Youth Tobacco Survey 2022. RTI International."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flay B. R. (2009). School-based smoking prevention programs with the promise of long-term effects. Tobacco Induced Diseases 5(1) 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1617-9625-5-6","DOI":"10.1186\/1617-9625-5-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaiha S. M. Zorrilla M. Sachnoff I. Smuin S. Lazaro A. Ceballos R. D.3rd Razo A. Halpern-Felsher B. (2021). Development and reach of the Stanford Tobacco Prevention Toolkit: Implementation of a community-based participatory approach. Journal of School Health 91(10) 813\u2013824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/josh.13074","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.13074"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glynn T. J. (1989). Essential elements of school-based smoking prevention programs. Journal of School Health 59(5) 181\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1746-1561.1989.tb04698.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.1989.tb04698.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"La Torre G. Chiaradia G. Ricciardi G. (2005). School-based smoking prevention in children and adolescents: Review of the scientific literature. Journal of Public Health 13 285\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10389-005-0132-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-005-0132-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu J. Gaiha S. M. Halpern-Felsher B. (2020). A breath of knowledge: Overview of current adolescent e-cigarette prevention and cessation programs. Current Addiction Reports 7(4) 520\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40429-020-00345-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-020-00345-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu J. Gaiha S. M. Halpern-Felsher B. (2022). School-based programs to prevent adolescent e-cigarette use: A report card. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care 52(6) 101204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cppeds.2022.101204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2022.101204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCauley D. M. Baiocchi M. Cruse S. Halpern-Felsher B. (2023). Effects of a short school-based vaping prevention program for high school students. Preventive Medicine Reports 33 102184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmedr.2023.102184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2023.102184"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCormick L. Tompkins N. O. (1998). Diffusion of CDC\u2019s guidelines to prevent tobacco use and addiction. Journal of School Health 68(2) 43\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1746-1561.1998.tb07188.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.1998.tb07188.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McMenamin S. B. Cummins S. E. Zhuang Y. L. Gamst A. C. Ruiz C. G. Mayoral A. Zhu S. H. (2018). Evaluation of the Tobacco-Use Prevention Education (TUPE) program in California. PLoS ONE 13(11) Article e0206921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0206921","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206921"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park H. Y. Dent C. Abramsohn E. Dietsch B. McCarthy W. J. (2010). Evaluation of California\u2019s in-school tobacco use prevention education (TUPE) activities using a nested school-longitudinal design 2003\u20132004 and 2005\u20132006. Tobacco Control 19(Suppl. 1) i43\u2013i50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tc.2009.030700","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2009.030700"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roeseler A. Burns D. (2010). The quarter that changed the world. Tobacco Control 19(Suppl. 1) i3\u2013i15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tc.2009.030809","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2009.030809"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sherman E. J. Primack B. A. (2009). What works to prevent adolescent smoking? A systematic review of the National Cancer Institute\u2019s Research-Tested Intervention Programs. Journal of School Health 79(9) 391\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2009.00426.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2009.00426.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","volume-title":"Reducing vaping among youth and young adults","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2020","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2020). Reducing vaping among youth and young adults (SAMHSA Publication No. PEP20-06-01-003). National Mental Health and Substance Use Policy Laboratory, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas R. E. McLellan J. Perera R. (2013). School-based programmes for preventing smoking. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013(4) CD001293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD001293.pub3","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001293.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas R. E. McLellan J. Perera R. (2015). Effectiveness of school-based smoking prevention curricula: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 5(3) Article e006976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006976","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006976"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","volume-title":"Preventing tobacco use among youth and young adults: A report of the surgeon general","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2012","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2012). Preventing tobacco use among youth and young adults: A report of the surgeon general. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","unstructured":"Zhu S. H. Braden K. Zhuang Y. L. Gamst A. Cole A. G. Wolfson T. Li S. (2021). Results of the statewide 2019\u201320 California student tobacco survey. University of California San Diego Center for Research and Intervention in Tobacco Control (CRITC). https:\/\/www.cdph.ca.gov\/Programs\/CCDPHP\/DCDIC\/CTCB\/CDPH%20Document%20Library\/ResearchandEvaluation\/FactsandFigures\/2019-20CSTSBiennialReport_7-27-2021.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","volume-title":"Technical report on analytic methods and approaches used in the California student tobacco survey 2019\u20132020","author":"Zhu S. H.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu S. H., Gamst A. C., Zhuang Y. L., Wolfson T., Braden K., Li S., Cole A. G., Wang J. (2020). Technical report on analytic methods and approaches used in the California student tobacco survey 2019\u20132020. University of California San Diego, Center for Research and Intervention in Tobacco Control (CRITC)."}],"container-title":["Health Education &amp; Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10901981251391146","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10901981251391146","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10901981251391146","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T11:18:38Z","timestamp":1777547918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10901981251391146"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10901981251391146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10901981251391146","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-1981","1552-6127"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-1981","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6127","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]}}}