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The aim of this study was to examine the potential nephrotoxicity of AA and TET using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and mice. The results showed that TET was more potent than AA in inhibiting MDCK cell growth via inducing apoptosis, as determined by annexin-V staining, 4\u2019, 6\u2019-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, DNA fragmentation, and caspase 3 activity. Mice treated with AA (10 mg\/kg) by intraperitoneal administration for 3 months showed nephrotoxicity, elevated blood urea nitrogen, and increased renal tubular injuries. In contrast, mice treated with 50 mg\/kg of TET in the same time period had moderate hydropic degeneration of the distal tubules in the kidneys. These results suggest that TET is more cytotoxic than AA in MDCK cells but shows less nephrotoxic than AA in mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581810387164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,11]],"date-time":"2011-01-11T22:18:39Z","timestamp":1294784319000},"page":"35-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Comparative Nephrotoxicity of Aristolochic Acid and Tetrandrine In Vitro and In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Sheau-Yun","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Rei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen-Li","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih-Lan","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiunn-Wang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Chen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Education and Research, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying-Yi","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya-Wen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1091581810387164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.1998.4.1-9"},{"key":"bibr2-1091581810387164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.129"},{"key":"bibr3-1091581810387164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-007-0200-5"},{"key":"bibr4-1091581810387164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.28.667"},{"key":"bibr5-1091581810387164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200400078"},{"key":"bibr6-1091581810387164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2008.10.020"},{"key":"bibr7-1091581810387164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.07.015"},{"key":"bibr8-1091581810387164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)81447-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr9-1091581810387164","first-page":"443","volume":"32","author":"Kluthe R","year":"1982","journal-title":"Drug Res"},{"key":"bibr10-1091581810387164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00295084"},{"key":"bibr11-1091581810387164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00293699"},{"key":"bibr12-1091581810387164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)03380-2"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr13-1091581810387164","first-page":"681","volume":"40","author":"Li X","year":"2001","journal-title":"Zhonghua. 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