{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:41:57Z","timestamp":1789018917215,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]],"date-time":"2011-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318377600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    To examine the hepatoprotective activities of Nigella sativa (Ns) and thymoquinone (TQ) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    )-induced hepatotoxicity, the effects of water extract of Ns seeds (50 mg\/kg) or TQ (5 mg\/kg in corn oil) by gavage for 5 days on detoxifying enzymes and glutathione were compared in healthy and CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    -challenged (1 mL\/kg in corn oil, intraperitoneally [ip], a single dose) rats. Both Ns and TQ countered the elevations in serum alanine aminotransferase activity, oxidized glutathione level, and stress ratio caused by CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Both Ns and TQ ameliorated the reductions in the activities and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of glutathione S-transferase, NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase, and microsomal epoxide hydrolase, as well as the reductions in reduced glutathione and cysteine levels produced by CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    . In many instances, Ns was much superior to TQ in providing protection against the damaging effects caused by CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    . This protection could be attributed to the induction of chemoprotective enzymes probably through increasing transcription.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581811420741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,13]],"date-time":"2011-10-13T00:46:18Z","timestamp":1318466778000},"page":"707-714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Upregulation of Chemoprotective Enzymes and Glutathione by\n                    <i>Nigella sativa<\/i>\n                    (Black Seed) and Thymoquinone in CCl\n                    <sub>4<\/sub>\n                    -Intoxicated Rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Wael M.","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ain Shams, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, King Faisal University, Faculty of 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