{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:22:26Z","timestamp":1792790546314,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dinitrotoluene (DNT) is a nitroaromatic explosive used in propellant mixtures and in the production of plastics. Isomers of DNT were administered daily via oral gavage to male Sprague-Dawley rats for 14 days to determine the subacute toxicity of individual isomers of DNT. The 3,5-DNT isomer was the most toxic isomer, inducing weight loss and mortality within 3 days. Cyanosis and anemia were observed for all isomers. Exposure to 2,4-, 2,6-, and 3,5-DNT resulted in decreased testes mass and degenerative histopathological changes. Increased splenic mass was observed for 2,4-, 2,6-, and 2,5-DNT. Extramedullary hematopoiesis of the spleen was noted for all isomers, while lymphoid hyperplasia of the spleen was noted for all isomers except 2,5-DNT. Increased liver mass was observed for 2,3-DNT and 3,4-DNT. Hepatocellular lesions were observed for 2,6-DNT and 2,4-DNT. Neurotoxic effects were noted for 3,4-DNT, 2,4-DNT, and 3,5-DNT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581811434645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,15]],"date-time":"2012-03-15T20:21:43Z","timestamp":1331842903000},"page":"143-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Comparison of the Repeated Dose Toxicity of Isomers of Dinitrotoluene"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Emily May","family":"Lent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Public Health Command, Toxicology Portfolio, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee C. B.","family":"Crouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Public Health Command, Toxicology Portfolio, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Michael J.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Public Health Command, Toxicology Portfolio, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon M.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Public Health Command, Toxicology Portfolio, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1091581811434645","volume-title":"Distribution and Fate of Energetic on DoD Test and Training Ranges: Interim Report 3","author":"Pennington JC","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr2-1091581811434645","volume-title":"Organic Explosives and Related Compounds: Environmental and Health Considerations","author":"Burrows EP","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr3-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/REVEH.2003.18.3.203"},{"key":"bibr4-1091581811434645","volume-title":"Toxicological Profile for 2,4-Dinitrotoluene and 2,6-Dinitrotoluene (Update)","author":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr5-1091581811434645","volume-title":"Mammalian Toxicity of Munitions Compounds Phase II: Effects of Multiple doses part II 2,4-Dinitrotoluene. ADA061715","author":"Lee CC","year":"1978"},{"key":"bibr6-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA126069"},{"key":"bibr7-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA077692"},{"key":"bibr8-1091581811434645","volume-title":"Mammalian Toxicity of Munitions Compounds Phase II: Effects of Multiple doses part III: 2,6-Dinitrotoluene. ADA062015","author":"Lee CC","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr9-1091581811434645","volume-title":"104-week Chronic Toxicity Study in Rats-Dinitrotoluene","author":"Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology (CIIT)","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr10-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(88)90287-6"},{"key":"bibr11-1091581811434645","volume-title":"Bioassay of 2,4-Dintrotoluene for Possible Carcinogenicity","author":"National Cancer Institute (NCI)","year":"1978"},{"key":"bibr12-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262338201000220"},{"key":"bibr13-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/4.8.1059"},{"key":"bibr14-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/7.11.1797"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr15-1091581811434645","first-page":"1313","volume":"79","author":"Leonard TB","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Natl Canc Inst"},{"key":"bibr16-1091581811434645","volume-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","author":"National Research Council, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr17-1091581811434645","volume-title":"Mammalian Toxicity of Munitions Compounds Phase I: Acute Oral Toxicity, Primary Skin and Eye Irritation, Dermal Sensitization, and Disposition and Metabolism","author":"Lee CC","year":"1975"},{"key":"bibr18-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2011.11.013"},{"key":"bibr19-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx00018a010"},{"key":"bibr20-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287399009531374"},{"key":"bibr21-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2860010412"},{"key":"bibr22-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(88)90114-0"},{"key":"bibr23-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/3.3.241"},{"key":"bibr24-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2860040506"},{"key":"bibr25-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850140305"},{"key":"bibr26-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(81)90312-4"},{"key":"bibr27-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/295322a0"},{"key":"bibr28-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(90)90248-S"},{"key":"bibr29-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262338901700221"},{"key":"bibr30-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623308320275"},{"key":"bibr31-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262330002800107"},{"key":"bibr32-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339502300410"},{"key":"bibr33-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8805"},{"key":"bibr34-1091581811434645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.77.3.383"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1091581811434645","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1091581811434645","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1091581811434645","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:23:56Z","timestamp":1777458236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1091581811434645"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1091581811434645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1091581811434645","relation":{},"ISSN":["1091-5818","1092-874X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1091-5818","type":"print"},{"value":"1092-874X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}}}