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Exposure of SM causes debilitating skin blisters (vesication) and injury to the eyes and the respiratory tract; of these, the respiratory injury, if severe, may even be fatal. Therefore, developing an effective therapeutic strategy to protect against SM-induced respiratory injury is an urgent priority of not only the US military but also the civilian antiterrorism agencies, for example, the Homeland Security. Toward developing a respiratory medical countermeasure for SM, four different classes of therapeutic compounds have been evaluated in the past: anti-inflammatory compounds, antioxidants, protease inhibitors and antiapoptotic compounds. This review examines all of these different options; however, it suggests that preventing cell death by inhibiting apoptosis seems to be a compelling strategy but possibly dependent on adjunct therapies using the other drugs, that is, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protease inhibitor compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581814532959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]],"date-time":"2014-05-07T00:21:26Z","timestamp":1399422086000},"page":"271-281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Mustard Gas Inhalation Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Brian M.","family":"Keyser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devon 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