{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T10:36:45Z","timestamp":1777718205495,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The explosive 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) is an insensitive formulation developed to replace high energetics that are susceptible to accidental detonation from heat, shock, and impact. Although studies have shown NTO to be nontoxic at acute exposures, recent subacute and subchronic tests have demonstrated effects on testes and subsequent sperm production in rats. This study assessed endocrine disruption as a potential mechanism for these reproductive effects via the Hershberger and uterotrophic bioassays. These assays are 2 of the US Environmental Protection Agency\u2019s tier 1 in vivo screens for the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program that measure differences in androgen- and estrogen-sensitive tissue weights in castrated and ovariectomized rats. The gonadectomized rats were orally exposed to NTO in a corn oil vehicle at doses of 250, 500, or 1000 mg\/kg body weight (bw)\/d for 10 and 3 days for the Hershberger and uterotrophic assays, respectively, according to standard protocols. Male rats also received testosterone (0.2 mg\/kg\/d, subcutaneous) and antiandrogenic flutamide (3mg\/kg\/d, oral) as negative and positive controls, and females received 17 \u03b1-ethynyl estradiol (0.3 \u00b5g\/d, subcutaneous) as positive controls. 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one caused neither a decrease in androgen-sensitive male reproductive selected tissue (seminal vesicles with fluid\/without fluid, glans penis, Cowper gland, ventral prostrate, and levator ani\u2013bulbocavernosus) weights nor a change in uterine weights. The results of this study provide no evidence to suggest that NTO acts like an estrogenic or antiandrogenic endocrine disruptor in rats at these doses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581814548729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,4]],"date-time":"2014-09-04T11:46:13Z","timestamp":1409831173000},"page":"367-372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Assessment of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one as a Potential Endocrine Disrupting Chemical in Rats Using the Hershberger and Uterotrophic Bioassays"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"suffix":"Jr","given":"M. J.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. I.","family":"Bannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Public Health Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Jackovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Public Health Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. L.","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Public Health Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. A.","family":"Shiflett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Public Health Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. S.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Public Health Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1091581814548729","unstructured":"Lee K-Y, Coburn MD. 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one, a less sensitive explosive. LA-10302-MS. Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos National Laboratory. US Patent 4,733,610; February 1985."},{"key":"bibr2-1091581814548729","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781439805299"},{"key":"bibr3-1091581814548729","volume-title":"Environmental Health Assessment of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO)","author":"US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr4-1091581814548729","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA508035"},{"key":"bibr5-1091581814548729","volume-title":"A Toxicological Study of NTO. Report LA-10533-MS","author":"London JO","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr6-1091581814548729","volume-title":"Subchronic Oral Toxicity of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) in Rats","author":"US Army Public Health Command"},{"key":"bibr7-1091581814548729","volume-title":"Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program Guidelines: OCSPP 890.1400, Hershberger Bioassay","author":"US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr8-1091581814548729","volume-title":"Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program Guidelines: OCSPP 890.1600, Uterotrophic Assay","author":"US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr9-1091581814548729","volume-title":"Pubertal Development and Thyroid Function in Intact Juvenile Rats Exposed to 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO)","author":"US Army Public Health Command","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr10-1091581814548729","volume-title":"In Vitro Endocrine Disruption Screening of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO)","author":"US Army Public Health Command","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1091581814548729","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1091581814548729","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1091581814548729","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:24:35Z","timestamp":1777458275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1091581814548729"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1091581814548729"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1091581814548729","relation":{},"ISSN":["1091-5818","1092-874X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1091-5818","type":"print"},{"value":"1092-874X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}}}