{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:32:21Z","timestamp":1783038741549,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013286","name":"Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20133420110001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20133420110001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of environmental factors in autoimmune diseases has been increasingly recognized. While major advance has been made in understanding biological pathogen-induced autoimmune diseases, chemically triggered autoimmunity is poorly understood. Trichloroethylene (TCE), a common environmental pollutant, has recently been shown to induce autoimmunity. This study explored whether TCE could cause imbalance of T helper (Th) cell subsets which would contribute to the pathogenesis of TCE-induced medicamentosa-like dermatitis. BALB\/c mice were treated with TCE via drinking water at doses of 2.5 or 5.0 mg\/mL for 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Trichloroethylene exposure caused time- and dose-dependent increase in Th1, Th2, and Th17 and decrease in regulatory cell (Treg) in the spleen at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks, with greatest changes mainly at 4 weeks. These effects were mirrored by similar changes in the expression of their corresponding cytokines interferon-\u03b3, interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-17A, and IL-10. Mechanistically, these phenotypic changes were accounted for by alterations to their respective master transcription factors T-box expressed in T cells, GATA-binding protein 3, Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor ct (RORct), and forkhead box P3. Of interest, TCE treatment shifted the ratios of Th1\/Th2 and Th17\/Treg; specifically, TCE increased Th17\/Treg. These findings provide the first evidence that TCE exposure significantly changes the Th1\/Th2\/Th17\/Treg paradigm and their specific cytokines driven by altered master transcription factors. This may promote autoimmune reactions in the pathogenesis of TCE-induced skin sensitization and associated damage to other tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581818757036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]],"date-time":"2018-03-20T01:02:19Z","timestamp":1521507739000},"page":"155-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Trichloroethylene Alters Th1\/Th2\/Th17\/Treg Paradigm in Mice: A Novel Mechanism for Chemically Induced Autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Shu-long","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Center for Scientific Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People\u2019s Republic of 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