{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T10:19:14Z","timestamp":1777717154779,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000135","name":"NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Award Number R01 GM041935 and R35 GM122576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Award Number R01 GM041935 and R35 GM122576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000135","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Polycystic kidney disease is characterized by the progressive development of kidney cysts and declining renal function with frequent development of cysts in other organs including the liver. The polycystic kidney (PCK) rat is a rodent model of polycystic liver disease that has been used to study hepatorenal disease progression and evaluate pharmacotherapeutic interventions. Biomarkers that describe the cyst progression, liver impairment, and\/or hepatic cyst burden could provide clinical utility for this disease. In the present study, hepatic cyst volume was measured by magnetic resonance imaging in PCK rats at 12, 16, and 20 weeks. After 20 weeks, Sprague Dawley (n = 4) and PCK (n = 4) rats were sacrificed and 42 bile acids were analyzed in the liver, bile, serum, and urine by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Bile acid profiling revealed significant increases in total bile acids (molar sum of all measured bile acids) in the liver (13-fold), serum (6-fold), and urine (3-fold) in PCK rats, including those speciated bile acids usually associated with hepatotoxicity. Total serum bile acids correlated with markers of liver impairment (liver weight, total liver bile acids, total hepatotoxic liver bile acids, and cyst volume [ r &gt; 0.75; P &lt; 0.05]). Based on these data, serum bile acids may be useful biomarkers of liver impairment in polycystic hepatorenal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581818760746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]],"date-time":"2018-03-27T23:24:55Z","timestamp":1522193095000},"page":"144-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Bile Acids as Potential Biomarkers to Assess Liver Impairment in Polycystic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"William J.","family":"Brock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brock Scientific Consulting, LLC, Montgomery Village, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6926-8844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James J.","family":"Beaudoin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Slizgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingming","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharin E.","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otsuka PDC, Ltd, Rockville, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim L. R.","family":"Brouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007030299"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr2-1091581818760746","first-page":"502","volume-title":"Diseases of the Kidney & Urinary Tract","author":"Ecder T","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr3-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041552-199803000-00004"},{"key":"bibr4-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60601-1"},{"key":"bibr5-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/13.11.2825"},{"key":"bibr6-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.145.2.229"},{"key":"bibr7-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.276"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr8-1091581818760746","first-page":"19","volume":"47","author":"Torra R","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"bibr9-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.07.051"},{"key":"bibr10-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.591"},{"key":"bibr11-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1040752"},{"key":"bibr12-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50229"},{"key":"bibr13-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.05268.x"},{"key":"bibr14-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu227"},{"key":"bibr15-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu228"},{"key":"bibr16-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18063\/JMDS.2015.01.007"},{"key":"bibr17-1091581818760746","volume-title":"Polycystic Kidney Disease","author":"McDonald RA","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr18-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/11.supp6.38"},{"key":"bibr19-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.49.51"},{"key":"bibr20-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00473.x"},{"key":"bibr21-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21166"},{"key":"bibr22-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63427-X"},{"key":"bibr23-1091581818760746","first-page":"2010","volume":"274376","author":"Blazer-Yost BL","year":"2010","journal-title":"PPAR Res"},{"key":"bibr24-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00694.2013"},{"key":"bibr25-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200216666151103115454"},{"key":"bibr26-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M110.004945"},{"key":"bibr27-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3776-8"},{"key":"bibr28-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060110"},{"key":"bibr29-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr500920q"},{"key":"bibr30-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i35.5775"},{"key":"bibr31-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00080605"},{"key":"bibr32-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2015.05.011"},{"key":"bibr33-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(86)90137-4"},{"key":"bibr34-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.1677"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr35-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)38276-6","volume":"30","author":"Heuman DM","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"bibr36-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840120307"},{"key":"bibr37-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2013.10.020"},{"key":"bibr38-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.23584"},{"key":"bibr39-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050404"},{"key":"bibr40-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.05.023"},{"key":"bibr41-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581815611075"},{"key":"bibr42-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R900010-JLR200"},{"key":"bibr43-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21528"},{"key":"bibr44-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfn268"},{"key":"bibr45-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M040014"},{"key":"bibr46-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444341294"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr47-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1191767","volume":"11","author":"Chauveau D","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"bibr48-1091581818760746","first-page":"265","volume":"26","author":"Chauveau D","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Nephrol Necker Hosp"},{"key":"bibr49-1091581818760746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-012-0650-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr50-1091581818760746","first-page":"233","volume":"4","author":"Yazdanpanah K","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1091581818760746","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1091581818760746","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1091581818760746","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:21:24Z","timestamp":1777458084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1091581818760746"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1091581818760746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1091581818760746","relation":{},"ISSN":["1091-5818","1092-874X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1091-5818","type":"print"},{"value":"1092-874X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}}}