{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T10:31:57Z","timestamp":1777717917675,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Reestablishment of fertility, after a male contraceptive method, is of great concern. In this context, RISUG (Reversible Inhibition of Sperm Under Guidance) has been evaluated for its mutagenicity following reversibility with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)\/sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in Wistar albino rats. Animals were divided into 7 groups, namely, sham-operated control, vas occlusion with RISUG for 90 and 360 days, reversal with DMSO and NaHCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    after 90 and 360 days, respectively. The testis, cauda epididymis, cauda epididymal spermatozoa, and serum were evaluated for apoptosis and hormonal status through various assays. RISUG was subjected to Ames test at dose levels of 10, 50, and 100 \u00b5L. Results of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling and caspase-3 assays in testes and cauda epididymis revealed that the percentage of positive cells in the experimental groups was comparable to sham-operated control. Annexin V assay in cauda epididymal spermatozoa showed slight elevation in group II ( P &lt; 0.05), whereas in the remaining groups, minimum numbers of positive sperms were found. Hormone profile, namely, testosterone, prolactin, cortisol, prostate-specific antigen, and sperm antibody concentration, remained unchanged. In Ames test, no significant increase was observed in the number of revertant colonies on plates containing RISUG in the presence and absence of S9 mix in all 3 strains. Therefore, the reversal of RISUG-induced contraception by solvent vehicle DMSO\/NaHCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    was successful without any toxicity at the cellular levels.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581818809473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T03:03:50Z","timestamp":1541041430000},"page":"457-465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Toxicity and Mutagenicity Evaluation Following RISUG Contraception Reversal in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Abdul S.","family":"Ansari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mubarik","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S. S. Jain Subodh College of Global Excellence, Sitapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sadi Rehan","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Badar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. K.","family":"Lohiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1091581818809473","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eursup.2014.07.003"},{"key":"bibr2-1091581818809473","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(98)00073-0"},{"key":"bibr3-1091581818809473","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2009.00992.x"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr4-1091581818809473","first-page":"63","volume":"140","author":"Lohiya NK","year":"2014","journal-title":"IJMR"},{"key":"bibr5-1091581818809473","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2012.11.005"},{"key":"bibr6-1091581818809473","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12155"},{"key":"bibr7-1091581818809473","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.185000"},{"key":"bibr8-1091581818809473","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(02)00442-0"},{"key":"bibr9-1091581818809473","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Recent Advances and Challenges in Reproductive Health Research","author":"Sharma RS","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr10-1091581818809473","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2004.08.016"},{"key":"bibr11-1091581818809473","first-page":"81","volume":"84","author":"Ansari AS","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"bibr12-1091581818809473","volume-title":"Guidelines on the Regulation of Scientific Experiments on Animals, Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA)","author":"Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA)","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr13-1091581818809473","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.7239"},{"key":"bibr14-1091581818809473","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2014.10.010"},{"key":"bibr15-1091581818809473","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.5.1266"},{"key":"bibr16-1091581818809473","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(83)90010-9"},{"key":"bibr17-1091581818809473","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2007-0041"},{"key":"bibr18-1091581818809473","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/spmg.22591"},{"key":"bibr19-1091581818809473","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2003.tb02702.x"},{"key":"bibr20-1091581818809473","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7262.2005.00011.x"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1091581818809473","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1091581818809473","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1091581818809473","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:23:45Z","timestamp":1777458225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1091581818809473"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1091581818809473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1091581818809473","relation":{},"ISSN":["1091-5818","1092-874X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1091-5818","type":"print"},{"value":"1092-874X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}}}