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In order to ascertain how well HK-2 cells can reliably reveal the toxicological profile of compounds having a potential to cause proximal tubule injury in vivo, we sought to evaluate the effects of known proximal tubule toxicants using the HK-2 cell line. We selected 20 pure nephrotoxic compounds that included chemotherapeutic drugs, antibiotics, and heavy metal-containing compounds and evaluated their ability to induce HK-2 cell injury relative to 10 innocuous pure compounds or cell culture media alone. We performed a comprehensive set of in vitro cellular toxicological assays to evaluate cell viability, oxidative stress, mitochondrial integrity, and a specific biomarker of renal injury, Kidney Injury Molecule 1. For each of our selected compounds, we were able to establish a reproducible profile of toxicological outcomes. We compared our results to those described in peer-reviewed publications to understand how well the HK-2 cellular model agrees with overall in vivo rat or human toxicological outcomes. This study begins to address the question of how well in vitro data generated with HK-2 cells can mirror in vivo animal and human outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581820942534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T05:55:41Z","timestamp":1596002141000},"page":"452-464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["<i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    to\n                    <i>In Vivo<\/i>\n                    Concordance of Toxicity Using the Human Proximal Tubule Cell Line HK-2"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6004-0280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam E.","family":"Mossoba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Toxicology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Sprando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Toxicology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1091581820942534","unstructured":"Office of the Commissioner. 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