{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T16:15:35Z","timestamp":1780589735113,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Short-term (26 weeks) Tg.rasH2 mouse carcinogenicity studies have been conducted as an alternative model to the conventional 2-year mouse carcinogenicity studies, using urethane as a positive control material. In these studies, urethane was used at a dose of 1,000 mg\/kg\/dose, administered intraperitoneally on days 1, 3, and 5. Urethane consistently produces lung adenomas and carcinomas and hemangiosarcomas of the spleen, proving validity of the assay. We conducted 3 pilot studies at 3 different sites of Charles River Laboratories using a lower dose of urethane (500 mg\/kg\/dose), administered on days 1, 3, and 5, followed by a 12-week observation period. Our results demonstrate that a lower dose can be used successfully with fewer number of animals per sex to prove the validity of the assay. However, based on our cumulative experience with this model, we propose to eliminate positive control dose groups in future Tg.rasH2 carcinogenicity studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10915818211003308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T03:30:27Z","timestamp":1617593427000},"page":"207-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Proposal to Eliminate Urethane-Treated Positive Control Dose Groups in 26-Week Tg.rasH2 Carcinogenicity Studies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4067-6243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhav G.","family":"Paranjpe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Laboratories, Mattawan, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Rudmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Laboratories, Mattawan, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Sargeant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Laboratories, Mattawan, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Morse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Laboratories, Mattawan, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossalin","family":"Yonpiam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Laboratories, Mattawan, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Bonnette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Laboratories, Mattawan, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Albretsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Laboratories, Mattawan, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Papagiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Laboratories, Mattawan, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10915818211003308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581812458957"},{"key":"bibr2-10915818211003308","unstructured":"International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. 1997 Guideline S1B Testing for Carcinogenicity in Pharmaceuticals. 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