{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T10:37:22Z","timestamp":1777718242725,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Higher olefins (HO) are used primarily as intermediates in the production of other chemicals, such as polymers, fatty acids, plasticizer alcohols, surfactants, lubricants, amine oxides, and detergent alcohols. The potential toxicity of five HO (i.e., 1-Octene, Nonene, Decene, Hexadecene, and 1-Octadecene) with carbon ranging from C8 to C18 was examined in a combined repeated dose and reproduction\/developmental toxicity screening study (OECD TG 422). These five HO were administered to Han Wistar rats by gavage at 0 (controls), 100, 300, and 1000\u00a0mg\/kg bw\/day. As a group of substances, adaptive changes in the liver (liver weight increase without pathological evidence), as well as increased kidney weight in male rats, were observed in HO with carbon numbers from C8 to C10. The overall systemic no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for all HO was determined at 1000\u00a0mg\/kg bw\/day. In the reproductive\/developmental toxicity assessment, offspring viability, size, and weights were reduced in litters from females treated with Nonene at 1000\u00a0mg\/kg bw\/day. The overall no observed effects level (NOEL) for reproductive toxicity was considered to be 300\u00a0mg\/kg bw\/day for Nonene and 1000\u00a0mg\/kg bw\/day for the other four HO, respectively. These data significantly enrich the database on the toxicity of linear and branched HO, allowing comparison with similar data published on a range of linear and branched HO. Comparisons between structural class and study outcome provide further supportive data in order to validate the read-across hypothesis as part of an overall holistic testing strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10915818231210856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T01:23:56Z","timestamp":1699406636000},"page":"301-326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Toxicological Assessment of Higher Olefins in OECD TG 422 Repeated Dose and Reproductive \/Developmental Toxicity Screening Tests in Han Wistar Rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8491-9548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quan","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shell Product Stewardship, Shell Global Solutions International B.V., The Hague, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan-Carlos","family":"Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shell Product Stewardship, Shell Global Solutions International B.V., The Hague, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Penman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penman Consulting bvba, Avenue des Arts 10, Brussels"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shell USA, Inc., Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colin M.","family":"North","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Annandale, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, The Woodlands, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tilly","family":"Borsboom-Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penman Consulting bvba, Avenue des Arts 10, Brussels"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Hubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEOS Oligomers, Lyndhurst, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason C.","family":"Manton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penman Consulting Ltd., Aspect House, Grove Business Park, Grove, Oxfordshire, OX12 9FF, UK"},{"name":"Exponent International Limited, The Lenz, Hornbeam Park, Harrogate HG2 8RE, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Boogaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10915818231210856","unstructured":"Lappin G, Nemec L, Sauer J, Wagner J, et al. 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