{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T07:27:16Z","timestamp":1793950036394,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cosmetic Ingredient Review"},{"name":"Personal Care Products Council"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Toxicol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) program marks its 50th anniversary as an enduring model of independent, transparent, and science-forward evaluation of cosmetic ingredient safety. Established in 1976 by the Personal Care Products Council (PCPC), with the support of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Consumer Federation of America (CFA), CIR has completed evidence-based safety assessments for more than 6000 ingredients, with comprehensive findings published in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">International Journal of Toxicology<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Through a defined governance framework, Expert Panel review, and fully public deliberations, CIR conducts safety evaluations via a structured and transparent process that incorporates broad stakeholder engagement. The program has continued to evolve in parallel with global regulatory and methodological advances. CIR remains an independent scientific resource that complements regulatory oversight and supports robust safety substantiation of cosmetic products. In addition, it has increasingly adopted an exposure-driven evaluation paradigm aligned with Next-Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA) principles, integrating validated New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) to inform hazard identification and refine risk characterization while complementing traditional toxicology. Collectively, these efforts promote scientific harmonization and the continued modernization of cosmetic ingredient safety assessment. At 50\u00a0years, CIR stands as a globally recognized, science-based, and publicly accountable program, exemplifying independence and advancing integrated, exposure-led, and human-relevant risk assessment consistent with modern regulatory science.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10915818261484604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T04:38:26Z","timestamp":1789533506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fifty Years of the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) and the Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety: An Independent, Transparent, and Science-Forward Program for Ingredient Safety Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Jinqiu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cosmetic Ingredient Review Toxicologist"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilma F.","family":"Bergfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Wilma Fowler Bergfeld Chair"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monice","family":"Fiume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Director"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Heldreth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Cosmetic Ingredient Review. About the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). 2025. https:\/\/www.cir-safety.org\/about. Date Accessed: October 29 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). Cosmetic Ingredient Review Procedures & Support to the Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety. 2025. https:\/\/www.cir-safety.org\/sites\/default\/files\/CIR_Procedures_-_December_2025.pdf. Date Accessed: February 28 2026."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 21 CFR \u00a7740.10: labeling of cosmetic products for which adequate substantiation of safety has not been obtained. 2026. https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-21\/chapter-I\/subchapter-G\/part-740\/subpart-B\/section-740.10. Date Accessed: March 06 2026."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act of 2022 (MoCRA). 2025. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/cosmetics\/cosmetics-laws-regulations\/modernization-cosmetics-regulation-act-2022-mocra. Date Accessed: 10\/10 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"U.S. Congress. Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act of 2022 (MoCRA). Division FF of the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2023 (H.R. 2617 117th Congress). 2022. https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/117\/bills\/hr2617\/BILLS-117hr2617enr.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","unstructured":"The Personal Care Product Council (PCPC). Web-based International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary. 2026. https:\/\/incipedia.personalcarecouncil.org\/winci\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","volume-title":"Voluntary Cosmetic Registration Program - Frequency of Use of Cosmetic Ingredients","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition (CFSAN)","year":"2023","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition (CFSAN). 2023. Voluntary Cosmetic Registration Program - Frequency of Use of Cosmetic Ingredients. College Park, MD: [Obtained under the Freedom of Information Act from CFSAN; requested as \u201cFrequency of Use Data\u201d January 4, 2023; received February 2, 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","volume-title":"Data From: Registration and Listing of Cosmetic Product Facilities and Products","author":"US Food and Drug, Administration (FDA) Office of Colors & Cosmetics (OCAC)","year":"2025","unstructured":"US Food and Drug, Administration (FDA) Office of Colors & Cosmetics (OCAC). Data From: Registration and Listing of Cosmetic Product Facilities and Products. College Park, MD: [Obtained under the Freedom of Information Act]; 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","volume-title":"Meeting Material for the 168th CIR Panel Meeting","author":"Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). Memo, agenda, minutes, priorities. In: Meeting Material for the 168th CIR Panel Meeting. Washington, DC; 2024. https:\/\/www.cir-safety.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ADMIN_MemoAgendaMinutesPriorities.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581816650626"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). CIR resource document: respiratory exposure to cosmetic ingredients. 2025. https:\/\/www.cir-safety.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Admin_Inhalation_032025.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2025.111771"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). CIR resource document: hair dye epidemiology. 2025. https:\/\/www.cir-safety.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ADMIN_HairDyeEpi_0.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","unstructured":"Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). CIR precedents: endocrine activity. 2017. https:\/\/www.cir-safety.org\/sites\/default\/files\/CIR_Precedents_-_Endocrine_Activity.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2021.105026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","unstructured":"Cherian P Zhu J Bergfeld WF et al. Final amended safety assessment of toluene as used in cosmetics. 2024. https:\/\/www.cir-safety.org\/sites\/default\/files\/FAR_Toluene_092024.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-025-04275-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.namjnl.2025.100020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","volume-title":"Unpublished Information Presented at the 166th CIR Expert Panel Meeting","author":"Bjerke DL","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bjerke DL. Skin sensitization risk assessment and confidence in new approach methodologies. In: Unpublished Information Presented at the 166th CIR Expert Panel Meeting. Washington, DC; 2023. https:\/\/www.cir-safety.org\/sites\/default\/files\/166th_CIR_NAM_Update_Don_Bjerke.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfaa048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Case study on use of an Integrated Approach for Testing and Assessment (IATA) for systemic toxicity of phenoxyethanol when included at 1% in a body lotion (series on testing and assessment no. 349). 2021. https:\/\/one.oecd.org\/document\/ENV\/CBC\/MONO(2021)35\/En\/pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2020.104721"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","volume-title":"Unpublished Information Presented at the 169th CIR Expert Panel Meeting","author":"Allen D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Allen D. Identifying eye irritation hazards without using animals. In: Unpublished Information Presented at the 169th CIR Expert Panel Meeting. 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