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However, manufacturers must overcome several barriers, such as the lack of qualified talents to develop and manage production systems. Within this context, assembly production systems are recognized as Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPSS) with significant human value. This paper aims to present a practical educational approach to cultivate engineering students\u2019 competencies with a human and social perspective. It adopts a project-based learning approach based on the V-model, incorporating various social and human gates. It is applied in developing an automotive assembly system through students\u2019 projects. Additionally, it involves the parallel integration of Industry 5.0 technologies throughout students\u2019 projects. The project underscored students\u2019 interest and improved their skills required for the Industry 5.0 era. The results enhance our understanding of assembly system development as CPSS and offer valuable insights for educational institutions to develop the different engineering students\u2019 competencies from a human-centered perspective and their perception of engineers\u2019 career.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10920617241289255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T22:19:32Z","timestamp":1743200372000},"page":"263-287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developing automotive assembly system as Cyber-Physical-Social System: Project-based learning approach for engineering students"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Al Khatib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ECAM Rennes - Louis de Broglie, Bruz, France"}]},{"given":"Alain-J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Foug\u00e8res","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECAM Rennes - Louis de Broglie, Bruz, France"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Dauv\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECAM Rennes - Louis de Broglie, Bruz, France"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/pds.2023.297"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/orga-2022-0020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2017.08.1121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.92511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","volume-title":"Industry 5.0 - Towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European industry","author":"Breque M.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Breque M., De Nul L., Athanasios A. 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