{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:35:51Z","timestamp":1777660551521,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Antibodies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune dysfunction develops early in the course of renal failure in patients with chronic kidney disease and occurs independently of the underlying disease. Cytokines play an essential role in the control and regulation of the immune and inflammatory systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current study aims to estimate Interleukin 4, Interleukin 6, and Malondialdehyde in the blood of Iraqi patients with chronic kidney disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, 50 Iraqi chronic kidney disease patients (males 17 and females33) and 50 apparently healthy as the control group (male27 and females23) aged (20\u201365)years who attended lmamain Al-Kadhemain Medical Teaching Hospital and Al-Numan Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq. Interleukin 4, Interleukin 6, and malondialdehyde were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The serum level of IL-4 and IL-6 showed highly significant differences between chronic kidney disease patients and healthy control groups m as the mean value of both interleukin levels in patient groups was (25.524\u2009\u00b1\u200916.295, 12.844\u2009\u00b1\u20094.863) respectively, and mean of the control group (13.562\u2009\u00b1\u20097.488, 5.533\u2009\u00b1\u20092.970) respectively. The mean of malondialdehyde was (25.160\u2009\u00b1\u200917.152 and18.470\u2009\u00b1\u20096.545) in chronic kidney disease patients and control groups, respectively. There was a highly significant positive correlation between Interleukin6 and malondialdehyde (r\u2009=\u20090.862,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0001, r\u2009=\u20090.598,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0001), respectively. In addition, there was a highly significant positive correlation between Interleukin4 and malondialdehyde (r\u2009=\u20090.862,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0001, r\u2009=\u20090.662,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0001) respectively. There was a highly significant positive correlation between Interleukin 4 and Interleukin 6 (r\u2009=\u20090.598,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0001) and (r\u2009=\u20090.662,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0001) respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The increased levels of Interleukin 4, Interleukin 6, and malondialdehyde are an indication of the progression in Iraqi patients with chronic kidney disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10932607251322055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T06:39:47Z","timestamp":1745044787000},"page":"40-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of interleukines-4, 6 and malondialdehyde levels in serum of Iraqi patients with chronic kidney diseases"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0318-5973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwa","family":"AL-Razak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basima","family":"AlSaadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Al Saedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Baghdad University, Nephrology and Transplantation Center, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2019.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/269532"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-014-0471-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.05.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43057-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2022.2045952"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"3299","article-title":"Oral findings, salivary creatinine and urea levels in CKD patients on hemodialysis and on conservative treatment","volume":"10","author":"Salim IK","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salim IK, Diajil AR. 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