{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:33:18Z","timestamp":1777937598304,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Dev Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: The gastric mucosal change accompanying gastric antral intestinal metaplasia (IM) in the pediatric population and its clinical implications remain unclear. Methods: We retrieved all patients younger than 18\u00a0years who had upper GI endoscopy with a pathology diagnosis of antral IM between 2009 and 2020. Each biopsy was evaluated for the presence of dysplasia, Helicobacter pylori, gastritis, and other pathologic changes. Results: A total of 134 patients with antral IM were identified; 72 (53.7%) with coexisting pathology including chronic gastritis (n = 22), reactive gastropathy (n = 16), focal mild chronic inflammation (n = 13), gastric eosinophilia (n = 9), chronic active gastritis associated with (n = 2) and without Helicobacter infection (n = 3), and others (n = 7). The remaining 62 (46.3%) showed isolated IM. Gastric IM increased with age, and was often accompanied by other pathologic changes, especially in female children. Twenty-seven patients had follow up biopsies; 11 of the 27 patients (40.7%) showed persistent IM in at least one repeat biopsies. None demonstrated dysplasia. Conclusions: In children, antral IM increases with age and often coexists with other pathologic changes. Gastric IM could persist for at least months to years in a significant subset of patients with chronic gastritis and gastric eosinophilia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10935266221096939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T03:18:57Z","timestamp":1651720737000},"page":"511-517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gastric Antral Mucosal Changes in Children With Intestinal Metaplasia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0346-8728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geling","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children\u2019s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children\u2019s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Mroczek-Musulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children\u2019s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leona","family":"Council","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10935266221096939","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.728"},{"key":"bibr2-10935266221096939","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.01.071"},{"key":"bibr3-10935266221096939","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.188"},{"key":"bibr4-10935266221096939","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.05.045"},{"key":"bibr5-10935266221096939","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.46.3.235"},{"key":"bibr6-10935266221096939","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90460-2"},{"key":"bibr7-10935266221096939","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa001999"},{"key":"bibr8-10935266221096939","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.02.035"},{"key":"bibr9-10935266221096939","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032012000300008"},{"key":"bibr10-10935266221096939","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.020"},{"key":"bibr11-10935266221096939","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001610-199402000-00004"},{"key":"bibr12-10935266221096939","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635580903305391"},{"key":"bibr13-10935266221096939","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1293\/tox.23.115"},{"key":"bibr14-10935266221096939","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000384"},{"key":"bibr15-10935266221096939","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199610000-00001"},{"key":"bibr16-10935266221096939","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dimmick JE, Jevon GP. Gastritis and Gastropathies of Childhood. In: Russo P, Ruchelli ED, Piccoli DA, eds. Pathology of Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 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