{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T11:28:09Z","timestamp":1788607689989,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Dev Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Childhood (c) primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare condition that most often affects small vessels (SV), is nearly exclusively lymphocytic, and devoid of vessel necrosis. Diagnosis of cSV-PACNS is challenging. We noted possible histological overlap of cSV-PACNS with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein disease (MOGAD) on biopsy, prompting a 10-year retrospective review of our experience.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Database-search for brain biopsy cases, age <18\u2009years, performed for an acquired neurological deficit with suspicion of vasculitis, with histological evidence of lymphocytic small-vessel inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n We identified 7 patients; 2\/7 were serum-positive for anti-MOG antibodies and 1\/7 for anti-NMDA antibodies. The remaining 4\/7 proved to be idiopathic lymphocytic vasculitis\/cSV-PACNS. All 7 showed overlapping features of lymphocytes permeating parenchymal SV walls, vessel wall distortion without fibrinoid necrosis, and absence of microglial clusters or intravascular thrombi. Tissue infarction was confined to a single case of idiopathic lymphocytic vasculitis. Although demyelination was diligently sought, only subtle demyelination was identified in the 2 MOGAD cases and absent in the remainder.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n There is considerable histological overlap between cSV-PACNS and at least some cases of MOGAD or anti-NMDA-encephalitis; at diagnosis, the differential should include cSV-PACNS but correct classification requires post-biopsy serological testing.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10935266221121445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T05:03:13Z","timestamp":1668488593000},"page":"18-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Childhood Small-Vessel Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: Overlap With MOG-Associated Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2215-2892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Gilani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bette K.","family":"Kleinschmidt-DeMasters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology, Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10935266221121445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-0973-9"},{"key":"bibr2-10935266221121445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52910-7.00024-6"},{"key":"bibr3-10935266221121445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22075"},{"key":"bibr4-10935266221121445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21144"},{"key":"bibr5-10935266221121445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.12.004"},{"key":"bibr6-10935266221121445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000538"},{"key":"bibr7-10935266221121445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlz001"},{"key":"bibr8-10935266221121445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70243-X"},{"key":"bibr9-10935266221121445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103216"},{"key":"bibr10-10935266221121445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09586-5"},{"key":"bibr11-10935266221121445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02132-y"}],"container-title":["Pediatric and Developmental Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10935266221121445","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10935266221121445","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10935266221121445","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:09:08Z","timestamp":1777694948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10935266221121445"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10935266221121445"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10935266221121445","relation":{},"ISSN":["1093-5266","1615-5742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1093-5266","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-5742","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]}}}