{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:17:47Z","timestamp":1791915467750,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703980800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Dev Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lymphocytic colitis (LC) in the pediatric population has been associated with immune dysregulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single-center retrospective study of pediatric LC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>50 patients (35 female, 70%) with a median age of 12\u2009years at diagnosis (interquartile range: 5.7\u201315.8) of LC were identified. At presentation, 11 patients (22%) had malnutrition, 16 (32%) had a known underlying immune dysregulation, 4 (8%) had celiac disease (CD), and none had a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. The most common medications prior to diagnosis were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proton pump inhibitor, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (10% each). Colonic biopsies showed a median number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs)\/100 epithelial cells of 48 (range: 25\u201385), and only 10% of cases had neutrophilic cryptitis. Upper gastrointestinal tract findings included lymphocytic esophagitis (4%), and duodenal IELs without and with villous blunting (9% each) (n: 47). Ten patients (23%) had increased IELs in the terminal ileum (n: 43). Treatments including 5-ASA, budesonide, prednisone, and gluten-free diet improved symptoms in &lt;50% of patients (n: 42), and all follow-up colonoscopies showed persistent LC (n: 13).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study supports the association of LC with immune-mediated conditions, most commonly celiac disease. Symptomatic improvement was seen in &lt;50% of patients with none of the patients with repeat colonoscopy showing histologic improvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10935266231215117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T14:07:06Z","timestamp":1704031626000},"page":"156-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinicopathologic Characterization of Lymphocytic Colitis in the Pediatric Population"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3383-2212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n A.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 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