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It can be opinionated, and terminology varies among authors. Even what is expected to be seen, which we refer to as normal, is not consistent among experts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article focuses on what the general pathologist should know about normal macroscopic and histologic features of the placenta throughout gestation, as well as alterations that are controversial related to whether they are normal or not. Normal findings are differentiated from pathology when the morphology is confusing or overlaps. We further guide the reader to selected literature that describes pathology in clear, understandable terms. This is not a consensus document but does represent agreement among the authors and, when agreement isn\u2019t reached, differing opinions are noted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article is a report of normal features in the placenta based on distillation of evidence from the literature and personal experience in areas where the literature fails to provide clarity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10935266251413974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T06:13:43Z","timestamp":1783059223000},"page":"442-476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Placenta: Identifying Normal"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Beverly B.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2404-007X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teck Yee","family":"Khong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SA Pathology, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3875-738X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore\/Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halit","family":"Pinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner School of Medicine of the University of Vermont, Burlington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00fcsun","family":"G\u00fcndo\u011fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Regional Perinatal Pathology Service, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0104-5107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda M.","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore\/Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osterman M Hamilton B Martin J Driscoll A Valenzuela C. 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