{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T08:58:47Z","timestamp":1762160327102,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]],"date-time":"2001-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":996624000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Future-generation space missions across the solar system to the planets, moons, asteroids, and comets may someday incorporate supercomputers both to expand the range of missions being conducted and to significantly reduce their cost. By performing science computation directly on the spacecraft itself, the amount of data required to be downlinked may be reduced by many orders of magnitude, thus greatly reducing the mass of the resources needed for communication while increasing the quality and quantity of the science achieved. By performing the mission planning in real time directly on the spacecraft, complex and highly responsive missions can be conducted out of range of direct human intervention, and the cost of mission management can be reduced. Through highly replicated computing structures, continued operation can be maintained in the presence of faults by means of graceful degradation. Two classes of systems, reflecting very different strategies of computer system architecture, are actively being pursued by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to take advantage of the opportunity of embedded high performance computing on spacecraft for deep-space missions. Commodity off-the-shelf (COTS) clusters may permit the direct application of commercial computing hardware in loosely coupled ensembles to benefit from the enormous investment of industry in mass-market components. New processor-in-memory (PIM) architectures combine multiple nodes on a single chip of processor-memory pairs exposing the full memory bandwidth. This paper examines the driving issues motivating the use of supercomputing for future deep-space missions and describes two active research projects at NASA JPL that are pursuing both the COTS and PIM strategies for next-generation spaceborne computing. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/109434200101500306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,8]],"date-time":"2005-03-08T19:22:36Z","timestamp":1110309756000},"page":"282-296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["High Performance Computing Systems for Autonomous Spaceborne Missions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Sterling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology"}]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"International Conference on Supercomputing","author":"Bergman, L.","key":"atypb1"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/200836.200880"},{"volume-title":"Proc. ACM Int. Conf. on Supercomputing (ICS \u201999)","author":"Brockman, J. B.","key":"atypb3"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/40.127581"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/77626.79170"},{"volume-title":"NASA Remote Exploration and Experimentation Project","year":"2000","author":"Ferraro, R.","key":"atypb6"},{"volume-title":"Proc. of 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference","author":"Ferraro, R.","key":"atypb7"},{"volume-title":"Proc. of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Dependable Systems and Networks","author":"Gunnels, J. A.","key":"atypb8"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings (SC \u201999)","author":"Hall, M.","key":"atypb9"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1984.1676475"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FMPC.1996.558065"},{"volume-title":"16th Conf. on Adv. Res. in VLSI","author":"Kogge, P. M.","key":"atypb12"},{"volume-title":"MPI: The Complete Reference","year":"1996","author":"Snir, M.","key":"atypb13"},{"volume-title":"How to Build a Beowulf","year":"1999","author":"Sterling, T.","key":"atypb14"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDSN.2000.857522"},{"volume-title":"Using PLAPACK: Parallel Linear Algebra Package","year":"1997","author":"van de Geijn, R. A.","key":"atypb16"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/109434200101500306","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/109434200101500306","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T23:02:44Z","timestamp":1740870164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/109434200101500306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/109434200101500306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/109434200101500306","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-3420","1741-2846"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1094-3420"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1741-2846"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]}}}