{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:59:15Z","timestamp":1777676355519,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]],"date-time":"2008-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Columbia, NASA's 10,240-processor supercluster, has been ranked as one of the fastest computers in the world since November 2004. In this paper we examine the performance characteristics of its production subclusters, which are typically configurations ranging in size from 512 to 2048 processors. We evaluate floating-point performance, memory bandwidth, and message passing communication speeds using a subset of the HPC Challenge benchmarks, the NAS Parallel Benchmarks, and a computational fluid dynamics application. Our experimental results quantify the performance improvement resulting from changes in interconnect bandwidth, processor speed, and cache size across the different types of SGI Altix 3700s that constitute Columbia. We also report on our experiments that investigate the performance impact of processors sharing a path to memory. Finally, our tests of the different interconnect fabrics available indicate substantial promise for scaling applications to run on configurations of more than 512 CPUs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1094342006085021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,4]],"date-time":"2008-02-04T11:12:20Z","timestamp":1202123540000},"page":"97-112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Benchmarking the Columbia Supercluster"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Hood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA ADVANCED SUPERCOMPUTING (NAS) DIVISION, NASA AMES\rRESEARCH CENTER, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rupak","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA ADVANCED SUPERCOMPUTING (NAS) DIVISION, NASA AMES\rRESEARCH CENTER, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johnny","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA ADVANCED SUPERCOMPUTING (NAS) DIVISION, NASA AMES\rRESEARCH CENTER, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Jahed","family":"Djomehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA ADVANCED SUPERCOMPUTING (NAS) DIVISION, NASA AMES\rRESEARCH CENTER, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Haoqiang Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA ADVANCED SUPERCOMPUTING (NAS) DIVISION, NASA AMES\rRESEARCH CENTER, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"The NAS Parallel Benchmarks, Technical Report NAS-91-002","author":"Bailey, D.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"The NAS Parallel Benchmarks 2.0, Technical Report NAS-95-020","author":"Bailey, D.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Proceedings of SC|05","author":"Biswas, R."},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Proceedings of 34th International Conference on Parallel Processing","author":"Borrill, J."},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Overflow user's manual, version 1.8g, Technical report","author":"Buning, P.G.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Proceedings of 10th International Conference on High Performance Computing (HiPC)","author":"Djomehri, M.J."},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Proc. 18th International Conference on Computers and Their Applications (CATA)","author":"Djomehri, M.J."},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Effective Bandwidth Benchmark","author":"Effective Bandwidth Benchmark","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"HPC Challenge Benchmarks","author":"HPC Challenge Benchmarks","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"InfiniBand Specifications","author":"InfiniBand Specifications","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2005.06.016"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"Proceedings of SC2003","author":"Liu, J."},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"The STREAM benchmark","author":"McCalpin, J.","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"Proceedings of 14th AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference, Paper 99-3302","author":"Meakin, R."},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"NAS Parallel Benchmarks","author":"NAS Parallel Benchmarks","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/2.3024"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Top500 Supercomputer Sites","author":"Top500","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Voltaire ISR 9288 InfiniB and switch router","author":"Voltaire","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"SGI global shared-memory architecture: Enabling system-wide shared memory","author":"Woodacre, M.","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1094342006085021","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1094342006085021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:18:35Z","timestamp":1777450715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1094342006085021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1094342006085021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1094342006085021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-3420","1741-2846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-3420","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}}}