{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:59:21Z","timestamp":1777676361952,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a speculative extrapolation of the performance aspects of an atmospheric general circulation model to ultra-high resolution and describe alternative technological paths to realize integration of such a model in the relatively near future. Due to a superlinear scaling of the computational burden dictated by stability criterion, the solution of the equations of motion dominate the calculation at ultra-high resolutions. From this extrapolation, it is estimated that a credible kilometer scale atmospheric model would require at least a sustained ten petaflop computer to provide scientifically useful climate simulations. Our design study portends an alternate strategy for practical power-efficient implementations of petaflop scale systems. Embedded processor technology could be exploited to tailor a custom machine designed to ultra-high climate model specifications at relatively affordable cost and power considerations. The major conceptual changes required by a kilometer scale climate model are certain to be difficult to implement. Although the hardware, software, and algorithms are all equally critical in conducting ultra-high climate resolution studies, it is likely that the necessary petaflop computing technology will be available in advance of a credible kilometer scale climate model<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1094342007085023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,15]],"date-time":"2008-04-15T09:57:52Z","timestamp":1208253472000},"page":"149-165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Towards Ultra-High Resolution Models of Climate and Weather"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Wehner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CRD\/NERSC, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA\r                    94720"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonid","family":"Oliker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRD\/NERSC, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Shalf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRD\/NERSC, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA\r                    94720"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR2823.1"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"173","volume":"17","author":"Arakawa, A.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Comput. 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