{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:59:33Z","timestamp":1777676373253,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pixel purity index (PPI) is a popular endmember extraction algorithm because of its availability in the ENVI software. Recently, its hardware implementation has been explored by the so-called block of skewers (BOS) that can be used to generate desired skewers required by the PPI with significantly reduced computational complexity. This paper investigates the feasibility of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) design for the BOS of a modified PPI (called automatic PPI), referred to as BOS-APPI in high speed computation. Several block designs based on cube, pyramid, square and tetrahedron are also developed for the BOS-APPI along with their FPGA implementations as new reconfigurable systems to perform fast and onboard processing of hyperspectral imagery. Finally, the proposed FPGA designs are realized and substantiated by simulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1094342007088378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,22]],"date-time":"2008-10-22T06:38:02Z","timestamp":1224657482000},"page":"408-423","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) for Pixel Purity Index Using Blocks of Skewers for Endmember Extraction in Hyperspectral Imagery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mingkai","family":"Hsueh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"REMOTE SENSING SIGNAL AND IMAGE PROCESSING LABORATORY,\rDEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND,\rBALTIMORE COUNTY, 1000 HILLTOP CIRCLE, BALTIMORE, MD 21250 USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chein-I","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REMOTE SENSING SIGNAL AND IMAGE PROCESSING LABORATORY,\rDEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND,\rBALTIMORE COUNTY, 1000 HILLTOP CIRCLE, BALTIMORE, MD 21250 USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"2369","volume":"4","author":"Boardman, J.W.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp."},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-9170-6"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2006.881803"},{"key":"atypb4","author":"Chang, C.-I.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Internat. J. High Speed Electronics and Systems"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Pixel purity index-based endmember extraction for hyperspectral data exploitation","author":"Chaudhary, F.A.","year":"2005"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/36.3001"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/36.298007"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.402525"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Verilog HDL: a guide to digital design and synthesis","author":"Palnitkar, S.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.406610"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.631270"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1094342007088378","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1094342007088378","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:18:39Z","timestamp":1777450719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1094342007088378"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1094342007088378"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1094342007088378","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-3420","1741-2846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-3420","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}}}