{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T18:21:50Z","timestamp":1758824510220,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Modeling and analysis techniques are used to investigate the performance of a massively parallel version of DIRECT, a global search algorithm widely used in multidisciplinary design optimization applications. Several high-dimensional benchmark functions and real world problems are used to test the design effectiveness under various problem structures. Theoretical and experimental results are compared for two parallel clusters with different system scales and network connectivities. The present work aims at studying the performance sensitivity to important parameters for problem configurations, parallel schemes, and system settings. The performance metrics include the memory usage, load balancing, parallel efficiency, and scalability. An analytical bounding model is constructed to measure the load balancing performance under different schemes. Additionally, linear regression models are used to characterize two major overhead sources, interprocessor communication and processor idleness, and also applied to the isoefficiency functions in scalability analysis. For a variety of high-dimensional problems and large-scale systems, the massively parallel design has achieved reasonable performance. The results of the performance study provide guidance for efficient problem and scheme configuration. More importantly, the generalized design considerations and analysis techniques are beneficial for transforming many global search algorithms into effective large-scale parallel optimization tools. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1094342008098462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,18]],"date-time":"2009-02-18T16:25:41Z","timestamp":1234974341000},"page":"14-28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Performance Modeling and Analysis of a Massively Parallel Direct\u2014Part 1"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"family":"Jian He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC\rINSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY,"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Verstak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC\rINSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY"}]},{"given":"L.T.","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE\rAND STATE UNIVERSITY"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Sosonkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMES LABORATORY, IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE\/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGRID'03)","author":"Aida, K.","key":"atypb1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the High Performance Computing Symposium 2000","author":"Baker, C.A.","key":"atypb2"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2004.1271181"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(02)00229-1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing","author":"Becker, D.J.","key":"atypb5"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013123110266"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-3400-2_7"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th AIAA\/ISSMO Symposium and Exhibit on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization","author":"Cox, S.E.","key":"atypb8"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/0801027"},{"volume-title":"An adaptive restart implementation of DIRECT. 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