{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T11:59:07Z","timestamp":1774353547147,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,17]],"date-time":"2015-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439769600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We describe a new high-performance conjugate-gradient (HPCG) benchmark. HPCG is composed of computations and data-access patterns commonly found in scientific applications. HPCG strives for a better correlation to existing codes from the computational science domain and to be representative of their performance. HPCG is meant to help drive the computer system design and implementation in directions that will better impact future performance improvement. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1094342015593158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,18]],"date-time":"2015-08-18T00:48:41Z","timestamp":1439858921000},"page":"3-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":136,"title":["High-performance conjugate-gradient benchmark: A new metric for ranking high-performance computing systems"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Jack","family":"Dongarra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, USA; Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL School of Mathematics and School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, UK"}]},{"given":"Michael A","family":"Heroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scalable Algorithm Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Luszczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1094342015593158","unstructured":"Bailey D, Barscz E, Barton J, (1994) The NAS parallel benchmarks. Technical Report no. RNR-94-007, NASA Ames Research Center, USA."},{"key":"bibr2-1094342015593158","unstructured":"Bailey D, Harris T, Saphir W, (1995) The NAS parallel benchmarks 2.0. Techinical Report no. NAS-95-020, NASA Ames Research Center, USA."},{"key":"bibr3-1094342015593158","unstructured":"Byun JH, Lin R, Yelick KA, (2012) Autotuning sparse matrix-vector multiplication for multicore. Technical Report no. UCB\/EECS-2012-215, University of California, USA."},{"key":"bibr4-1094342015593158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0427(89)90045-9"},{"key":"bibr5-1094342015593158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Azevedo E, Eijkhout V, Romine C (1993) LAPACK working note 56: Reducing communication costs in the conjugate gradient algorithm on distributed memory multiprocessor. Technical Report no. CS-93-185, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.","DOI":"10.2172\/10176473"},{"key":"bibr6-1094342015593158","unstructured":"der Wijngaart RFV (2002) NAS parallel benchmarks version 2.4. Technical Report no. NAS-02-007, Computer Sciences Corporation, NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division, USA, October."},{"key":"bibr7-1094342015593158","unstructured":"Dongarra J, Eijkhout V (2003) Finite-choice algorithm optimization inconjugate gradients. Technical Report no. 159, LAPACK Working Note, University of Tennessee, USA."},{"key":"bibr8-1094342015593158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2001\/527931"},{"key":"bibr9-1094342015593158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dongarra J, Heroux M (2013) Toward a new metric for ranking high performance computing systems. Technical Report no. SAND2013-4744, Sandia National Laboratories, USA.","DOI":"10.2172\/1089988"},{"key":"bibr10-1094342015593158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.728"},{"key":"bibr11-1094342015593158","unstructured":"Eijkhout V (1992) LAPACK working note 51: Qualitative properties of the conjugate gradient and Lanczos methods in a matrix framework. Technical Report no. CS 92-170, University of Tennessee, USA."},{"key":"bibr12-1094342015593158","unstructured":"ORNL Leadership Computing Facility (2013a) Annual Report 2012\u20132013, Available at: https:\/\/www.olcf.ornl.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/2013_ARv2M.pdf (accessed 10 August 2015)."},{"key":"bibr13-1094342015593158","unstructured":"ORNL Leadership Computing Facility (2013b) Introducing Titan \u2014 the world\u2019s #1 open science supercomputer, Available at: http:\/\/www.olcf.ornl.gov\/titan (accessed 29 May 2013)."},{"key":"bibr14-1094342015593158","volume-title":"Presented at PRECON13","author":"Ghysels P","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr15-1094342015593158","unstructured":"Heroux MA, Doerfler DW, Crozier PS, (2009) Improving performance via mini-applications. Technical Report no. SAND2009-5574, Sandia National Laboratories."},{"key":"bibr16-1094342015593158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parco.2007.06.006"},{"key":"bibr17-1094342015593158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1094342004041296"},{"key":"bibr18-1094342015593158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2172\/974637"},{"key":"bibr19-1094342015593158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2464996.2465013"},{"key":"bibr20-1094342015593158","unstructured":"Luszczek P, Dongarra J (2010) Analysis of various scalar, vector, and parallel implementations of RandomAccess. Technical Report no. ICL-UT-10-03, Innovative Computing Laboratory, USA."},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr21-1094342015593158","first-page":"18","volume":"2","author":"Luszczek P","year":"2006","journal-title":"CT Watch Quarterly"},{"key":"bibr22-1094342015593158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9780898718270"},{"key":"bibr23-1094342015593158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meuer HW, Strohmaier E, Dongarra JJ, (2013) TOP500 supercomputer sites, 42nd ed. Avaliable from: http:\/\/www.netlib.org\/benchmark\/top500.html (accessed 10 August 2015).","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2015.338"},{"key":"bibr24-1094342015593158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8191(87)90037-8"},{"key":"bibr25-1094342015593158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9780898718003"},{"key":"bibr26-1094342015593158","volume-title":"Domain Decomposition, Parallel Multilevel Methods for Elliptic Partial Differential Equations","author":"Smith BF","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr27-1094342015593158","volume-title":"Multigrid","author":"Trottenberg U","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr28-1094342015593158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/16\/1\/071"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1094342015593158","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1094342015593158","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1094342015593158","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T20:48:14Z","timestamp":1738010894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1094342015593158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,17]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1094342015593158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1094342015593158","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-3420","1741-2846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-3420","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,17]]}}}