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Thanks to the large amount of anatomical and physiological data, we implemented a spiking network model of the cerebellum on Shoubu, an energy-efficient supercomputer with 1280 PEZY-SC processors at RIKEN. Our artificial cerebellum consists of more than one billion neurons, which is comparable to the whole cerebellum of a cat. Using 1008 of 1280 processors on Shoubu, we achieved real-time simulation, that is, a computer simulation of the model for 1\u2009s completes within 1\u2009s of the real world with temporal resolution of 1\u2009ms. Effective performance was estimated as 68 teraflops in single-precision floating points, suggesting 2.6% of peak performance. We expect that the artificial cerebellum will be applicable to various engineering applications, such as robotics and brain-style artificial intelligence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1094342017710705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]],"date-time":"2017-06-06T07:59:53Z","timestamp":1496735993000},"page":"155-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Real-time simulation of a cat-scale artificial cerebellum on PEZY-SC processors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Center Computing and Communication, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junichiro","family":"Makino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshikazu","family":"Ebisuzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Astrophysics Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1094342017710705","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5564(71)90051-4"},{"key":"bibr2-1094342017710705","unstructured":"Ando H (2014) A 1024 core processor by PEZY-Computing, realizing 3TFlops per 1 Chip. 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