{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:53:19Z","timestamp":1777675999671,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,1]],"date-time":"1995-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":801964800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Supercomputer Applications and High Performance Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Parallel programmers must choose from a confusing array of parallel programming environments. When success has to be measured by the success of applica tion-software development rather than theoretical re search, the choice must be made quickly without the luxury of experimentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this paper, we help the programmer make this choice by looking closely at four of the most heavily used portable programming environments\u2014p4, PVM, TCGMSG, and Linda. For each of these programming environments, we look at three different programs: one that computes \u03c0 by numerical integration and two that benchmark communication performance. The four programming environments are analyzed in terms of performance, support, ease of coding, and ease of debugging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/109434209500900206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,4]],"date-time":"2007-03-04T20:17:47Z","timestamp":1173039467000},"page":"138-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Programming Environments for Parallel and Distributed Computing: a Comparison of P4, Pvm, Linda, and Tcgmsg"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Timothy G.","family":"Mattson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INTEL CORPORATION SUPERCOMPUTER SYSTEMS DIVISION BEAVERTON,\rOREGON 97006"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Interprocessor Collective Communications Library (InterComm)\u2014 Beta Release 0.0.1","author":"Barnett, M.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2.214445"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Tuplescope: a Graphical Monitor and Debugger for Linda based Parallel Programs. RR-782","author":"Bercovitz, P.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Portable programs for parallel processors","author":"Boyle, J.","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"Butler, R., and Lusk, E. 1992. User's Guide to the p4 Programming System. ANL-92\/17. Argonne National Laboratory."},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8191(94)90028-0"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"How to write parallel programs: A first course","author":"Carriero, N.J.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8191(94)90032-9"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"A Survey of Parallel Programming Languages and Tools. RND-93-005","author":"Cheng, D.Y.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Parallel Programming Systems for Workstation Clusters","author":"Douglas, C.C.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"DCS\/TR-975. Yale University Computer Science Department."},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"Experimental results for data sharing on high-performance networks. Proc. 1994 Mardi Gras Conference","author":"Douglas, C.C.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"PVM 3 User's Guide and Reference Manual. ORNL\/TM-12187. ORNL","author":"Geist, A.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qua.560400612"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/52.84214"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Studying parallel program behavior with upshot. ANL-91\/15","author":"Herrarte, V.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/52.7943"},{"key":"atypb18","first-page":"23","volume":"2","author":"Larrabee, A.R.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sci. Prog."},{"key":"atypb19","first-page":"61","volume":"3","author":"Mattson, T.G.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sci. Prog."},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"Portable molecular dynamics software for parallel computing. To appear in Parallel computing in computational chemistry","author":"Mattson, T.G.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"Proc. Supercomputing '94","author":"Nieplocha, J."},{"key":"atypb22","volume-title":"Efficiency evaluation of some parallelization tools on a workstation cluster using the NAS parallel benchmarks. ACPC\/TR 94-2","author":"Sukup, F.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.4330020404"},{"key":"atypb24","volume-title":"A survey of software environments for exploiting networked computing resources. 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