{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T22:57:51Z","timestamp":1752361071770,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,6,1]],"date-time":"1996-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":833587200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Supercomputer Applications and High Performance Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> As a part of the Supercomputing '95 High Performance Computing Challenge, the authors have used the re sources of three of the National Science Foundation (NSF) supercomputing centers as a single, distributed, heteroge neous metacomputer to carry out the largest simulation of colliding galaxies yet attempted. The metacomputer con sisted of the following machines: TMC CM-5, Cray C90\/T3D, IBM SP-2, and SGI Power Challenge. This paper describes the scalable parallel numerical algorithms used to carry out the hybrid N-body\/gas dynamical simulation, as well as the inter-MPP communication system the authors developed to connect them. The system, called sclib, is simple yet flexible, and consists of a network of communicating objects, or agents. Each communication agent is a process that resides on the front-end processor of a parallel supercomputer and brokers the interactions between the various components of the distributed com putation. The design is independent of host architecture and execution model yet takes advantage of scheduling resources local to the compute servers. As such, it serves as a useful prototype for future research in distributed, heterogeneous, high-performance computing. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/109434209601000202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T01:17:47Z","timestamp":1173057467000},"page":"132-144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Galaxies Collide On the I-Way: an Example of Heterogeneous Wide-Area Collaborative Supercomputing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Norman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NATIONAL CENTER FOR SUPERCOMPUTING APPLICATIONS, UNIVERSITY\rOF ILLINOIS, URBANA, IL 61801, ASTRONOMY DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, URBANA,\rIL 61801"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Beckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, INDIANA UNIVERSITY, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47405"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Bryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NATIONAL CENTER FOR SUPERCOMPUTING APPLICATIONS, UNIVERSITY\rOF ILLINOIS, URBANA, IL 61801, ASTRONOMY DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, URBANA,\rIL 61801"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Dubinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LICK OBSERVATORY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT SANTA\rCRUZ, SANTA CRUZ, CA 95064"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Gannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, INDIANA UNIVERSITY,\rBLOOMINGTON, IN 47405"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Hernquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LICK OBSERVATORY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT SANTA\rCRUZ, SANTA CRUZ, CA 95064"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Keahey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, INDIANA UNIVERSITY, BLOOMINGTON,\rIN 47405"}]},{"given":"Jeremiah P.","family":"Ostriker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PRINCETON UNIVERSITY OBSERVATORY, PRINCETON, NJ 08540"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Shalf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NATIONAL CENTER FOR SUPERCOMPUTING APPLICATIONS, UNIVERSITY\rOF ILLINOIS, URBANA, IL 61801"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Welling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PITTSBURGH SUPERCOMPUTING CENTER, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213"}]},{"given":"Shelby","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, INDIANA UNIVERSITY, BLOOMINGTON,\rIN 47405, NATIONAL RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY, SOCORRO, NM 87801"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,6,1]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"A portable run-time system for object-parallel systems","year":"1995","author":"Beckman, P.","key":"atypb1"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9991(84)90143-8"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/171025"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/175829"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/175025"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Supercomputer Applications and High Performance Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/109434209601000202","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/109434209601000202","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T14:40:03Z","timestamp":1741012803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/109434209601000202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,6]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/109434209601000202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/109434209601000202","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-3482"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1078-3482"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,6]]}}}