{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T05:49:57Z","timestamp":1793771397233,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgical site infection (SSI) places a burden on the healthcare system and patients. Literature suggests that vitamin D has indirect antimicrobial effects and an association with a reduction in infections. We aim to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency in developing SSIs in adult surgical patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Embase, Medline, Clinicaltrials.gov, WHO-ICTRP, Cochrane, Web of Science, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Citations were searched. Observational studies that evaluated key question were included. The meta-analysis was carried out using bias-adjusted inverse variance heterogeneity methods. A risk of bias assessment was done using the MASTER Scale. The Doi plot and the Luis Furuya-Kanamori index were utilized to visualize and quantify the asymmetry of study effects, respectively, to evaluate publication bias. The GRADE method was utilized for assessing the certainty of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This meta-analysis included 12,737 patients from eight eligible cohort studies. The overall analysis based on vitamin D cut-off levels revealed that vitamin D deficiency (&lt;20 ng\/mL) is associated with increased odds of SSI (odds ratio [OR]: 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80\u20132.05;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 37.2%, p = 0.18). Notably, a cut-off level of &lt;30 ng\/mL is linked to even higher odds of SSI (OR: 3.84, 95% CI: 2.13\u20135.56;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.0%, p = 0.83).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta-analysis found a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of SSI. Taken together, these studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency may play a role in SSI development. However, in order to determine if vitamin D supplementation alone will reduce the risk of a post-operative SSI, a prospective clinical trial is necessary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10962964251389152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T08:35:48Z","timestamp":1760776548000},"page":"78-84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Surgical Site Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Rana","family":"Farsakoury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar."},{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habib H.","family":"Farooqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Naseem","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susu M.","family":"Zughaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjaceaccp\/mki006"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"69","article-title":"Nosocomial infections: Definition, frequence and risk factors","volume":"52","author":"Diouf E","year":"2007","unstructured":"Diouf E, , B\u00e8ye MD, , Diop NM, et al. Nosocomial infections: Definition, frequence and risk factors. Dakar Med, 2007; 52(2):69\u201376.","journal-title":"Dakar Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"A practical guide World Health Organization","author":"Prevention of hospital- acquired infections","year":"2002","unstructured":"Prevention of hospital- acquired infections. A practical guide World Health Organization. Prevention of hospital- acquired infections; 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cjs.004818"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2013.4663"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230336"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00419"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02211"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13010127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-018-9494-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.596611"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.664940"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31815c24e7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2405.180075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.09.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/17453674.2023.8480"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2019.07.036"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"e52015","article-title":"Prevalence of Surgical Site Infection (SSI) and its association with Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"16","author":"Mahfouz MEM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mahfouz MEM, , Althobaiti HS, , Alqthami AF, et al. Prevalence of Surgical Site Infection (SSI) and its association with Vitamin D deficiency. Cureus, 2024; 16(1):e52015.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2013.3176"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10353-015-0360-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20180424-04"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_135_2024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ciresp.2020.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158532"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206680"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-020-02427-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.564387"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0268396","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268396","article-title":"Vitamin D and SARS-CoV2 infection, severity and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"D\u2019Ecclesiis O","year":"2022","unstructured":"D\u2019Ecclesiis O, , Gavioli C, , Martinoli C, et al. Vitamin D and SARS-CoV2 infection, severity and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 2022; 17(7):e0268396.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14091691"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2011.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1"}],"container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10962964251389152","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10962964251389152","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10962964251389152","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:47:23Z","timestamp":1777690043000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10962964251389152"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10962964251389152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10962964251389152","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-2964","1557-8674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-2964","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8674","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}}}