{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T05:03:37Z","timestamp":1784351017575,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project","award":["TJYXZDXK-3-002A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TJYXZDXK-3-002A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early diagnosis of intracranial bacterial infections following neurosurgical procedures remains challenging because of delayed or inconclusive pathogen identification. This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for early detection of post-neurosurgical procedure bacterial infections by integrating clinical features and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective study including 429 patients who underwent neurosurgery at Tianjin Huanhu Hospital between November 2018 and December 2024. Patients were randomly divided into training (n = 300) and validation (n = 129) cohorts. Predictive parameters were selected via uni-variable analysis and LASSO regression, followed by multi-variable logistic regression to construct a nomogram. Model performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 429 patients, 147 (34.3%) had confirmed CSF bacterial infections. Seven independent predictors were identified: CSF time to operation, CSF color, CSF white blood cell count \u2265 2000 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/L, CSF glucose &lt; 1.89 mmol\/L, CSF lactate concentration, hyperpyrexia, and slower reaction time. The model achieved an area under the ROC curve of 0.822 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.771\u20130.873) in the training cohort and 0.715 (95% CI: 0.604\u20130.827) in the validation cohort. DCA demonstrated substantial clinical net benefit across a threshold probability range of 0.1\u20130.25.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This nomogram-based model provides a practical and reliable tool for early risk stratification of post-neurosurgical procedure intracranial bacterial infections, supporting timely diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10962964261417294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T03:43:06Z","timestamp":1769571786000},"page":"408-421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Model for Intracranial Bacterial Infection After Neurosurgery Integrating Bacterial Culture and Genetic Testing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8655-9187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baoli","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huanhu Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China."},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Blood Flow Reconstruction and Head and Neck Tumor New Technology Translation, Tianjin, China."},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianbing","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huanhu Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China."},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Blood Flow Reconstruction and Head and Neck Tumor New Technology Translation, Tianjin, China."},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huanhu Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China."},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Blood Flow Reconstruction and Head and Neck Tumor New Technology Translation, Tianjin, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huanhu Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China."},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Blood Flow Reconstruction and Head and Neck Tumor New Technology Translation, Tianjin, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanyue","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huanhu Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China."},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Blood Flow Reconstruction and Head and Neck Tumor New Technology Translation, Tianjin, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2717-2908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingguo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huanhu Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China."},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Blood Flow Reconstruction and Head and Neck Tumor New Technology Translation, Tianjin, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-24363"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.2545"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199301073280104"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit073"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1803396"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00021-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.05.184"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13132207"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.03.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","first-page":"2","article-title":"Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infection in neurosurgery","volume":"37","author":"Neurosurgery CECO NCEC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Neurosurgery CECO NCEC. Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infection in neurosurgery. Chin. J. Neurosurg, 2021; 37(1):2\u201315.","journal-title":"Chin. J. Neurosurg"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68034-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07260-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab073"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.05.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81714-6"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","first-page":"422","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid analysis","volume":"103","author":"Shahan B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shahan B, , Choi EY, , Nieves G. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Am Fam Physician, 2021; 103(7):422\u2013428.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2011.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2018.1441539"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","first-page":"177","article-title":"Interpreting CSF lactic acidosis: Effect of erythrocytes and air exposure","volume":"5","author":"Venkatesh B","year":"2003","unstructured":"Venkatesh B, , Morgan TJ, , Boots RJ, et al. Interpreting CSF lactic acidosis: Effect of erythrocytes and air exposure. Crit Care Resusc, 2003; 5(3):177\u2013181.","journal-title":"Crit Care Resusc"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9395"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2015.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03428-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.02.087"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.8.JNS132557"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S476125"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-011-0368-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2022.23"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2020.v110i5.13779"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2021.106599"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15638"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.120"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.100.2.0215"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.08.102"}],"container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10962964261417294","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10962964261417294","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10962964261417294","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T04:40:07Z","timestamp":1784349607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10962964261417294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10962964261417294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10962964261417294","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-2964","1557-8674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-2964","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8674","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]}}}