{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:39:46Z","timestamp":1792809586761,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Liver transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage liver disease. Risk of post-transplantation infection remains high despite improvement in graft and patient survival. Antibacterial and antifungal prophylaxis plays an important role in reducing infection-related morbidity and mortality, but optimal timing and regimens are not well defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Surgical Infection Society\u2019s (SIS) Therapeutics and Guidelines Committee and individuals with content expertise convened to develop guidelines on antibacterial and antifungal prophylaxis in liver transplant to prevent surgical site infection and other infections, shorten intensive care unit length of stay, and decrease mortality. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database were searched using Medical Subject Heading terms including \u201cliver transplantation,\u201d \u201cantibiotic prophylaxis,\u201d and \u201cantifungal prophylaxis\u201d for studies limited to randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cohort, and case\u2013control studies in adult patients. Evaluation of the published evidence was performed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system, and final recommendations were developed by an iterative process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We cannot make a recommendation for or against using pre-operative (more than 1 h before incision) antibiotic agent prophylaxis in liver transplantation with available evidence. We suggest the use of broad-spectrum antibiotic agent prophylaxis in liver transplantation rather than gram-positive antibiotic agent prophylaxis alone (Grade 2B). We recommend limiting administration of antibiotic agent prophylaxis to 24 hours post-operatively after liver transplant (Grade 1B). We recommend against empiric antifungal prophylaxis for patients at low risk for invasive fungal infections (IFIs) after liver transplant; for patients at high risk for IFI, we recommend antifungal prophylaxis (Grade 1B).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This guideline summarizes the current SIS recommendations on antibacterial and antifungal prophylaxis in liver transplantation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10962964261452028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:32:48Z","timestamp":1778823168000},"page":"643-650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surgical Infection Society Guidelines on Antibacterial and Antifungal Prophylaxis in Liver Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Simeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samy Malik","family":"Bendjemil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8591-4308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Bonatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared M.","family":"Huston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda R.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Abdominal Transplantation and Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak K.","family":"Ozhathil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Adult and Pediatric Burn Institute, Akron Children\u2019s Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Forrester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Surgical Infection Society Therapeutics and Guidelines Committee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2025.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13673"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2018.04.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115220"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.3.387"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21435"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001356"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp120568"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13589"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-1565"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CP202255"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004291.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-006-0182-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13508"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13362"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12925"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20690"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.14631"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00147-002-0431-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-10-199911160-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199501150-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000085653.11565.52"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1526924820933824"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3182247bb4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181735407"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S222934"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25486"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13564"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13750"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061606"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13594"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000005442"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02909.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313170"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13136"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00520-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S373773"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12660"}],"container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10962964261452028","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10962964261452028","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10962964261452028","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:58:01Z","timestamp":1792807081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10962964261452028"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10962964261452028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10962964261452028","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-2964","1557-8674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-2964","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8674","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]}}}