{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:53:12Z","timestamp":1777935192987,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Palliative Medicine"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tracheostomy often marks the onset of prolonged critical illness with high mortality, yet outcome data from Muslim-majority settings are unavailable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study (2019\u20132023) of Muslim intensive care unit (ICU) patients undergoing tracheostomy for acute respiratory failure. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality; secondary outcomes included ICU mortality, code-status transitions, and one-year survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 411 patients (median age 68 years; 55% male), 68% were hospice-eligible at admission, while 38% were bedridden. In-hospital mortality was 53%; one-year mortality, 68%. Although 90% were full code pre-tracheostomy, 77% transitioned to Do Not Attempt Resuscitation afterward. Palliative care consultation occurred in only 12%. Key mortality predictors included age, comorbidity burden, bedridden status, and receipt of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights three critical gaps in Muslim patients undergoing tracheostomy: high mortality, delayed code transitions, and inadequate palliative care before and during hospitalization. Future research should focus on strategies to bridge these palliative gaps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10966218251386524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T16:59:32Z","timestamp":1759942772000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tracheostomy Outcomes in Muslim Intensive Care Unit Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure: Highlighting a Critical Palliative Care Gap"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Imran","family":"Khalid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital &amp; Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."},{"name":"Alfaisal College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manahil","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital &amp; Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raafey","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital &amp; Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Ali","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hurley Medical Center, Flint, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tabindeh Jabeen","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital &amp; Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital &amp; Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anam","family":"Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital &amp; Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital &amp; Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital &amp; Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Usman","family":"Shirazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital &amp; Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Khateeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital &amp; Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Saqib","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"On behalf of all coauthors,","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0000189698.13818.91"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00150-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2126-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-022-02263-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201502-0239OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2024.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2015.0172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000523"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181b02dbf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0770.203608"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Saudi Health Council. National Policy and Procedure for Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) Status. March 13 2017. 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