{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:11:51Z","timestamp":1791904311899,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Palliative Medicine"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is associated with life-prolonging therapies, greater than 80% of families elect to forego this treatment within 24 hours of a child\u2019s death. The value-based factors that influence this decision remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To contextualize elements of decision-making when a child\u2019s family declines cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), using holistic values and ethical principles and standards as a framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A complementary qualitative analysis of mixed-methods data collected retrospectively from the electronic medical record.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting\/Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PICU of a Midwestern U.S. quaternary pediatric hospital. Participants were family decision-makers and medical providers of 19 purposefully selected children and adolescents who died after 24 hours in the PICU from 2013 to 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We utilized thematic analysis to inductively identify themes contextualizing elements of end-of-life decision-making during the child\u2019s terminal PICU admission. Narrative documentation in PICU and pediatric palliative care (PPC) medical progress notes was analyzed by three coders. Emergent themes were defined, consolidated, and discussed until achieving consensus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We present\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Factors Affecting Decision-Making: Sources of family support, Personal values and conflict<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spiritual beliefs and values, Ethical values and standards,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rhetoric\/Language<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The final theme includes idioms, accepted and unaccepted terminology, and the use of interpreters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychosocial, ethical, and spiritual factors may impact a child\u2019s or family\u2019s decision to forego high-intensity care like CPR at the child\u2019s end of life. Providers should invite consideration of value-based factors when guiding family decision-making, which may be further facilitated by consulting PPC, patient advocacy, and\/or ethics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10966218251387462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T14:12:11Z","timestamp":1761228731000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Value-Based Factors Contributing to End-of-Life Decision-Making in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Gwendolyn J.","family":"Richner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Haslinger Family Pediatric Palliative Care Center, Akron Children\u2019s Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children\u2019s Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"College of Graduate Studies, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel H.","family":"Grossoehme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haslinger Family Pediatric Palliative Care Center, Akron Children\u2019s Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children\u2019s Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Friebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haslinger Family Pediatric Palliative Care Center, Akron Children\u2019s Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Forbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children\u2019s Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Page-Goertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children\u2019s Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie M.","family":"Aultman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Graduate Studies, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"University Hospitals-Northeast Ohio Medical University Faculty Scholar, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Virtual Pediatric Systems | Online. 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