{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T13:31:35Z","timestamp":1793712695804,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Palliative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite growing recognition of palliative care as a global health priority, postgraduate academic programs in palliative care remain highly heterogeneous and lack operational frameworks for quality evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a consensus-based set of quality indicators for the evaluation of postgraduate academic programs in palliative care, based on expert consensus within the Spanish context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A modified Delphi study was conducted with a panel of 19 experts in palliative care and education. Over three rounds, participants assessed proposed indicators according to essentiality, clarity, and measurability. Consensus was defined as a mean score \u22653 and \u226575% agreement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The process resulted in 21 indicators grouped into six domains. Agreement increased across rounds, and all final indicators achieved mean scores above 3.0 across the three dimensions assessed. All final indicators were considered both essential and measurable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A consensus-based set of 21 quality indicators for postgraduate academic programs in palliative care was developed, providing a structured framework for evaluation. The findings highlight a key challenge in balancing essential educational domains with their measurability. These indicators may support more consistent assessment and comparability across programs, although further validation, implementation testing, and international adaptation are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10966218261474440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T03:32:37Z","timestamp":1786073557000},"page":"1718-1726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developing Quality Indicators for Postgraduate Academic Programs in Palliative Care: A Modified Delphi Consensus Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1503-385X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Borque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Culture and Society, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Cordero Botejara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Estudos de Bio\u00e9tica (NEBUBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Portugal."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3795-8389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain."},{"name":"Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain."},{"name":"Innovation for a Person-Centered Care Group (ICCP-UNAV), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain."},{"name":"Sigma Theta Tau International, Alpha Gamma Alpha Chapter #623, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain."},{"name":"Yvonne L. Munn Center for Nursing Research, Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7660-1330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Salcedo-Peris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacinto","family":"B\u00e1tiz Cantera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Para Cuidar Mejor, Hospital San Juan de Dios de Santurce, Santurce, Spain."},{"name":"Chair of Palliative Care, Fundaci\u00f3n P\u00eda Aguirreche &amp; Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Santurce, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Calvo Espin\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Service, Fundaci\u00f3n Rioja Salud, La Rioja, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agn\u00e8s","family":"Calsina Berna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Department. Research and Knowledge Group in Palliative Care of Catalan Institute of Oncology (GRICOPAL), Institut Catal\u00e0 d'Oncologia-Badalona, Badalona, Spain."},{"name":"Chair of Palliative Care, University of Vic\u2013Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Carvajal-Valc\u00e1rcel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain."},{"name":"Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain."},{"name":"Innovation for a Person-Centered Care Group (ICCP-UNAV), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain."},{"name":"Sigma Theta Tau International, Alpha Gamma Alpha Chapter #623, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas","family":"de-la-Ossa-Sendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Cudeca, M\u00e1laga, Spain."},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain."},{"name":"IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, M\u00e1laga, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2126-9626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Alberto","family":"Flores P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Health Management of Castilla y Le\u00f3n, Valladolid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Gand\u00eda Herrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Unit, Hospital JM Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"G\u00f3mez-Batiste-Alentorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Palliative Care, University of Vic\u2013Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain."},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, UVic-UCC, Vic, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Guanter Peris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Education Coordination, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisca Rosa","family":"Jim\u00e9nez L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Almer\u00eda, Almer\u00eda, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Juli\u00e0-Torras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona, Spain."},{"name":"School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Luisa","family":"Mart\u00edn-Rosell\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Cudeca, M\u00e1laga, Spain."},{"name":"IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, M\u00e1laga, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Pastrana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Culture and Society, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain."},{"name":"Pallium Canada, Ottawa, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Varela Cerdeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Bruera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Alonso Babarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","unstructured":"1.World Health Organization. Palliative care: Key facts. World Health Organization: Geneva; 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/palliative-care"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","unstructured":"3.European Association for Palliative Care. Core competencies in palliative care: An EAPC white paper on palliative care education. European Association for Palliative Care: Milan; 2013. Available from: https:\/\/www.eapcnet.eu"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02692163221074169"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216307083600"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Palliative care education in Latin America: Recommendations for undergraduate and primary care levels","volume":"20","author":"Wenk R","year":"2013","unstructured":"6.Wenk R, , De Lima L, , Mutto E, et al. Palliative care education in Latin America: Recommendations for undergraduate and primary care levels. Med Paliat 2013;20(1):42\u201348.","journal-title":"Med Paliat"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soncn.2018.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","volume-title":"EAPC Atlas of Palliative Care in the European Region 2025","author":"Centeno C","year":"2025","unstructured":"8.Centeno C, , Arias-Casais N, , Garralda E, et al. EAPC Atlas of Palliative Care in the European Region 2025. ATLANTES: Pamplona; 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","volume-title":"EAPC Atlas of Palliative Care in Europe 2019","author":"Arias-Casais N","year":"2019","unstructured":"9.Arias-Casais N, , Garralda E, , Rhee JY, et al. EAPC Atlas of Palliative Care in Europe 2019. EAPC Press: Vilvoorde; 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","unstructured":"10.World Health Organization. Quality of care: A process for making strategic choices in health systems. World Health Organization: Geneva; 2006. Available from: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/43470"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","unstructured":"11.Aguado C. Quality indicators in the evaluation of university degrees. ANECA: Madrid; 2012. Available from: https:\/\/www.aneca.es"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","volume-title":"Standards and guidelines for quality assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG)","author":"European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education","year":"2015","unstructured":"12.European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education. Standards and guidelines for quality assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG), 3rd ed. ENQA: Brussels; 2015. Available from: https:\/\/www.enqa.eu","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2017.1324621"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","volume-title":"Curriculum for Palliative Medicine Training","author":"Royal College of Physicians","year":"2022","unstructured":"14.Royal College of Physicians. Curriculum for Palliative Medicine Training. Royal College of Physicians: London; 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2017.0396"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-020-00598-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2021.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Basic recommendations on palliative care training","volume":"7","author":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Cuidados Paliativos","year":"2000","unstructured":"18.Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Cuidados Paliativos. Basic recommendations on palliative care training. Med Paliat 2000;7:23\u201325.","journal-title":"Med Paliat"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","volume-title":"Quality indicators and standards in palliative care","author":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Cuidados Paliativos","year":"2006","unstructured":"19.Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Cuidados Paliativos. Quality indicators and standards in palliative care. SECPAL: Madrid; 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1997.tb01330.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7489(00)00044-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004326"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","volume-title":"A guide for the development of palliative nurse education in Europe: report of the EAPC Task Force","author":"De Vlieger M","year":"2004","unstructured":"23.De Vlieger M, , Gorchs N, , Larkin P, et al. A guide for the development of palliative nurse education in Europe: report of the EAPC Task Force. European Association for Palliative Care: Milan; 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/26323524261440959"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01421590701746983"}],"container-title":["Journal of Palliative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10966218261474440","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10966218261474440","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10966218261474440","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T12:46:16Z","timestamp":1793709976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10966218261474440"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10966218261474440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10966218261474440","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-6218","1557-7740"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-6218","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7740","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]}}}