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This study investigated the effects of two sedation protocols on echocardiographic indices in healthy cats, with special emphasis on the assessment of left atrial size and function, as well as left ventricular diastolic performance. Seven cats underwent echocardiography (transthoracic two-dimensional, spectral Doppler, color flow Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging) before and after sedation with both acepromazine (0.1 mg\/kg IM) and butorphanol (0.25 mg\/kg IM), or acepromazine (0.1 mg\/kg IM), butorphanol (0.25 mg\/kg IM) and ketamine (1.5 mg\/kg IV). Heart rate increased significantly following acepromazine\/butorphanol\/ketamine (mean \u00b1 SD of increase, 40 \u00b1 26 beats\/min) and non-invasive systolic blood pressure decreased significantly following acepromazine\/butorphanol (mean \u00b1 SD of decrease, 12 \u00b1 19 mmHg). The majority of echocardiographic variables were not significantly different after sedation compared with baseline values. Both sedation protocols resulted in mildly decreased left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and mildly increased left ventricular end-diastolic wall thickness. This study therefore failed to demonstrate clinically meaningful effects of these sedation protocols on echocardiographic measurements, suggesting that sedation with acepromazine, butorphanol and\/or ketamine can be used to facilitate echocardiography in healthy cats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x12447729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,10]],"date-time":"2012-05-10T22:21:30Z","timestamp":1336688490000},"page":"678-685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Effects of sedation on echocardiographic variables of left atrial and left ventricular function in healthy cats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jessica L","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten E","family":"Schober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia Luis","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D","family":"Bonagura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1985.46.08.1712"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1985.46.07.1479"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1985.tb01401.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1098-612X(02)00133-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2011.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.52.04.543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2000.tb10361.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-005-0070-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.158.4.125"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"241","article-title":"Repeatability of the M-mode echocardiogram and the effects of acute changes in heart rate, cardiac contractility, and preload in healthy cats sedated with ketamine hydrochloride and acepromazine","volume":"76","author":"Moise NS","year":"1986","unstructured":"Moise NS, Horne WA, Flanders JA, et al. 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