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The animal also had hyperkalaemia and severe azotaemia at the time of presentation. Urinalysis showed haematuria, pyuria and the presence of several transitional cells. In addition, ultrasonography demonstrated an extraluminal mass between the neck of urinary bladder and the colon. Fine-needle aspiration of the mass revealed a fungal form with branching and septate hyphae. Consequently, itraconazole treatment was prescribed and clinical signs of improvement were seen after 7 days. However, 1 month later, the cat died of acute anaemia. Necropsy revealed the presence of extraluminal multifocal fungal granuloma at the neck of the urinary bladder, and contracted kidneys. Histopathological analysis of the fungal granuloma was found to be composed of branching, septate hyphal fungi together with inflammatory cells. Subsequent fungal culture and identification revealed this to be a species of Penicillium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x13491758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,5]],"date-time":"2013-06-05T02:49:13Z","timestamp":1370400553000},"page":"1154-1159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>Penicillium<\/i>\n                    species-induced granuloma in a cat resulting in chronic lower urinary tract disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jeerawat","family":"Soonthornsit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wijit","family":"Banlunara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn 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