{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T10:44:06Z","timestamp":1792579446525,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,5]],"date-time":"2015-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430784000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the potential benefits of high-dose buprenorphine formulations for analgesia in cats, serial and crossover studies were undertaken to investigate their pharmacokinetics and thermal antinociceptive effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve healthy adult domestic shorthair cats (6.0 \u00b1 1.1 kg body weight) were studied. Aqueous solutions of buprenorphine hydrochloride at 0, 0.02, 0.06, 0.12 and 0.24 mg\/kg body weight and formulations containing 0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 mg\/ml with and without preservatives were given subcutaneously. Blood samples were taken and thermal threshold (TT) measured prior to and at regular time points up to 72 h after dosing. Descriptive statistics and analyses of variance were applied as appropriate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Baseline TT was 47.6 \u00b1 4.1\u00b0C, which increased in all groups treated with all buprenorphine dosages and formulations. After doses of 0.12 mg\/kg and above, TT was significantly higher than baseline at most time points from 1\u201330 h post-treatment. The time to maximum effect (T\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) ranged between 0.25 and 2.00 h; and plasma concentrations associated with maximum antinociceptive effect (C\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) were 1.01\u20131.72 ng\/ml after the 0.02 mg\/kg dose, 1.4\u20134.9 ng\/ml after the 0.06 mg\/kg dose, 4.6\u201351.4 ng\/ml after the 0.12 mg\/kg dose and 5.3\u201322.3 ng\/ml after the 0.24 mg\/kg dose. The range of estimates for the buprenorphine elimination half-life were as follows: 0.02 mg\/kg = 1.35\u20135.33 h; 0.06 mg\/kg = 16.1\u201331.2 h; 0.12 mg\/kg = 10.1\u201334.0 h; and 0.24 = mg\/kg 16.1\u201331.6 h. The mean \u2018plasma concentration for the offset of analgesia\u2019 was 2.3 \u00b1 2.0 ng\/ml. No adverse effects were seen. The addition of preservatives to a high-concentration buprenorphine formulation had no impact on antinociception nor any side effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aqueous high-concentration buprenorphine formulations administered at 0.12 or 0.24 mg\/kg have potential for clinical use in cats, providing prolonged antinociception in a single subcutaneous injection of minimal dose volume.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x15581206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,5]],"date-time":"2015-05-05T20:41:45Z","timestamp":1430858505000},"page":"290-302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of high doses of buprenorphine delivered via high-concentration formulations in cats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Polly M","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Taylor Monroe, Ely, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmela H","family":"Luangdilok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W","family":"Sear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2003.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2008.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X12444743"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2009.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.164.12.359"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2005.00677.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.4.461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rvsc.2001.0543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677215577313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2003.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2010.00541.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2008.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2007.00931.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00779.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2006.00331.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2006.00800.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2011.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2009.00519.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Pilot dose response study for intravenous buprenorphine using thermal nociceptive threshold testing in cats. 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