{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:39:56Z","timestamp":1792586396287,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]],"date-time":"2016-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objectives of this study were: (1) to develop a laboratory-based model to assess fear and anxiety in cats using the feline open-field test (OFT) and the feline human interaction test (HIT); and (2) to validate the model using diazepam, a known anxiolytic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laboratory-housed cats (n = 41) were first classified as fearful, mildly fearful or non-fearful by a technician familiar with the cats and also by veterinary behaviorists (GL, JL), by assessing the cats\u2019 behavior in their home rooms. In experiment 1, each cat\u2019s behavior was assessed in an OFT and an HIT. In experiment 2, after administration of the anxiolytic diazepam, a subset of the cats was re-tested.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In experiment 1, the OFT revealed significant group effects on two measures: duration of inactivity, and vocalization. Fearful animals had significantly longer periods of inactivity than non-fearful animals. Non-fearful and mildly fearful cats vocalized more frequently than fearful cats. In the HIT, fearful cats travelled less than non-fearful and mildly fearful cats. Fearful and mildly fearful animals had significantly longer durations of inactivity, and non-fearful and mildly fearful cats had a significantly higher frequency of vocalization compared with fearful cats. In experiment 2, in the OFT, treatment with diazepam caused an increase in distance travelled, shorter durations of inactivity, and more frequent inactivity and vocalization. In the HIT, diazepam increased distance travelled and decreased duration of inactivity. Fearful cats spent significantly less time near the human compared with non-fearful cats, and this persisted under diazepam.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The feline OFT and feline HIT can be used jointly to assess the effects of medications or other therapies on fear and anxiety in the domestic cat.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x16643121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]],"date-time":"2016-04-18T21:01:42Z","timestamp":1461013302000},"page":"586-593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Development of a laboratory model to assess fear and anxiety in cats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"de Rivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vivocore, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqui","family":"Ley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Behaviour Consultations, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bill","family":"Milgram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CanCog Technologies, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Landsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CanCog Technologies, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2008.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(95)01010-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2007.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.219.1557"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0410003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X15587956"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Bear MF Connors BW Paradiso MA. Neuroscience: exploring the brain. 3rd ed. Baltimore MD: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 2007 pp 665\u2013669."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Landsberg GM Hunthausen W Ackerman L. Behavior problems of the dog and cat. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Saunders Elsevier 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"488","volume-title":"Blackwell\u2019s five-minute veterinary consult: canine and feline","author":"Cooper L.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cooper L. Fears, phobias and anxieties \u2013 cats. In: Smith WKJr, Tilley LP (eds). Blackwell\u2019s five-minute veterinary consult: canine and feline. 6th ed. 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In: Blanchard RJ, Blanchard DC, Griebel G, et al (eds). Handbook of behavioural neuroscience. Vol 17. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2008, pp 11\u201327."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2008.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)90371-9"}],"container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X16643121","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1098612X16643121","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X16643121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T11:46:36Z","timestamp":1792583196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1098612X16643121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1098612X16643121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1098612x16643121","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-612X","1532-2750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-612X","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2750","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]]}}}