{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:35:33Z","timestamp":1792787733780,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]],"date-time":"2016-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Okapi Sciences NV"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypertension is a common cause of proteinuria in HIV-infected people. In cats, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection appears to be associated with proteinuria. Therefore, the results from systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements in naturally infected FIV-positive cats were reviewed to assess whether hypertension contributes to the observed proteinuria in these cats. Ultrasonographic findings in FIV-positive cats were reviewed to complete renal assessment and to extend the scant knowledge on renal ultrasonography in cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from client-owned, naturally infected FIV-positive cats were retrospectively reviewed. To obtain a control group, records were reviewed from age-matched, privately owned, FIV-negative cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from 91 FIV-infected and 113 control cats were compared. FIV-infected cats showed a significantly lower SBP (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.0001) and significantly fewer FIV-infected cats were hypertensive (\u2a7e160 mmHg) compared with control cats (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.025). The prevalence of renal azotaemia did not significantly differ between groups, although FIV-infected cats had significantly lower urine specific gravity (USG) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0273) and a higher incidence of USG below 1.035 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.043). Urinary protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) was significantly higher in FIV-infected cats (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0005) and proteinuria (UPC &gt;0.4) occurred more frequently in FIV-infected cats (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001). Renal ultrasonography showed abnormalities in 60\/91 FIV-infected cats, with hyperechogenic cortices in 39\/91 and enlarged kidneys in 31\/91.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypertension can be excluded as a common cause of renal damage leading to proteinuria in FIV-infected cats. Proteinuria and poorly concentrated urine are common in naturally infected FIV-positive cats, in contrast to azotaemia. Clinicians should cautiously interpret ultrasonographic abnormalities as these occur in over half of FIV-infected cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x16653165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,16]],"date-time":"2016-06-16T00:57:21Z","timestamp":1466038641000},"page":"672-679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Systolic blood pressure, routine kidney variables and renal ultrasonographic findings in cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Elien RL","family":"Taffin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Paepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liesbeth FE","family":"Ghys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrien","family":"De Roover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Van de Maele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy H","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Duchateau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Daminet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP61001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283313c91"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00901.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000112851"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"2660","article-title":"Kidney disease in HIV-infected patients","volume":"17","author":"Scarpino M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scarpino M, Pinzone MR, Di Rosa M, et al. Kidney disease in HIV-infected patients. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17: 2660\u20132667.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/505497"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh393"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3643650"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-25741-1_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2008.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2011.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.236.4.424"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"320","article-title":"Association of renal-disease indicators with feline immunodeficiency virus-infection","volume":"29","author":"Thomas JB","year":"1993","unstructured":"Thomas JB, Robinson WF, Chadwick BJ, et al. Association of renal-disease indicators with feline immunodeficiency virus-infection. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1993; 29: 320\u2013326.","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000187327"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"284","volume-title":"Kirk\u2019s current veterinary therapy small animal practice XIII","author":"Levy JK.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Levy JK. Feline immunodeficiency virus. In: Bonagura JD, Kirk RW (eds). Kirk\u2019s current veterinary therapy small animal practice XIII. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders, 2000, pp 284\u2013288.","edition":"13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"760","article-title":"Occurrence of chronic kidney disease in cats naturally infected with immunodeficiency virus [abstract]","volume":"24","author":"\u00c1vila A","year":"2010","unstructured":"\u00c1vila A, Reche A, Kogika MM, et al. Occurrence of chronic kidney disease in cats naturally infected with immunodeficiency virus [abstract]. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24: 760\u2013761.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0303.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00871.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12120"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v4091372"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X14532089"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X15592343"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X12464628"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13477415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03005.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"577","volume-title":"Pathophysiology of systemic hypertension and blood pressure assessmentTextbook of veterinary internal medicine","author":"Stepien RL","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stepien RL. Pathophysiology of systemic hypertension and blood pressure assessment. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC (eds). Textbook of veterinary internal medicine. 7th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders, 2010, pp 577\u2013582.","edition":"7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","first-page":"585","volume-title":"Textbook of veterinary internal medicine: diseases of the dog and the cat","author":"Waddell LS","year":"2010","unstructured":"Waddell LS. Hypotension. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC (eds). Textbook of veterinary internal medicine: diseases of the dog and the cat. 7th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders, 2010, pp 585\u2013588.","edition":"7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-141604985-2.50016-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","unstructured":"Paepe D. Screening for early feline chronic kidney disease: limitations of currently available tests and possible solutions. Doctoral dissertation Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.225.46"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1987.48.04.596"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02713.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2010.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1999.tb01141.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328362e874"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350801300810"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2011.0018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14256"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","article-title":"Investigation of cystatin C for the detection of feline chronic kidney disease","author":"Ghys LF.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghys LF. Investigation of cystatin C for the detection of feline chronic kidney disease. PhD dissertation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University, 2015.","journal-title":"PhD dissertation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1981.42.10.1704"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X14561106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.8.1165"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02892.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0550.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02982.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","first-page":"417","article-title":"Predictors of survival in healthy, non-azotaemic cats [abstract]","volume":"18","author":"Walker D","year":"2004","unstructured":"Walker D, Syme HM, Markwell PJ, et al. Predictors of survival in healthy, non-azotaemic cats [abstract]. J Vet Intern Med 2004; 18: 417.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","unstructured":"European Aids Clinical Society. Assessment of HIV-positive persons at initial & subsequent visits. European Guidelines for treatment of HIV-infected adults in Europe. http:\/\/store.sanfordguide.com\/eacs-guidelinesweb-edition-c10.aspx (2014 accessed October 9 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00874.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2004.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2009.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Diagnostic ultrasound in small animal practice","author":"Lang J.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lang J. Urinary tract. In: Mannion P (ed). Diagnostic ultrasound in small animal practice. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2007, pp 109\u2013144."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0150-0.10002-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.150.6.1321"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2004.23.5.603"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.171.3.9725302"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(94)07002-O"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2011.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1987.191.11.1473"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1987.190.02.174"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02134.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra023144"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa070265"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X12467997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","first-page":"607","volume-title":"Small animal internal medicine","author":"Grauer GF.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grauer GF. Urinary tract disorders. In: Nelson RW, Couto CG (eds). Small animal internal medicine. 4th ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby, 2009, pp 607\u2013693.","edition":"4"}],"container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X16653165","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1098612X16653165","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X16653165","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T11:46:12Z","timestamp":1792583172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1098612X16653165"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1098612X16653165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1098612x16653165","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-612X","1532-2750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-612X","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2750","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]]}}}