{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:39:47Z","timestamp":1792586387490,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiorespiratory parameters and anaesthesia quality in cats anaesthetised with either intramuscular (IM) alfaxalone or ketamine both combined with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol for castration were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-two client-owned cats were randomly assigned to receive either alfaxalone (A; 3 mg\/kg IM) or ketamine (K; 5 mg\/kg IM), combined with dexmedetomidine (10 \u03bcg\/kg) and butorphanol (0.2 mg\/kg). Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (T\u00b0) were recorded prior to drug administration. Pulse rate (PR) and RR were recorded 10 (T\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and 15 (T\n                      <jats:sub>15<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) mins after injection (T\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). Cardiorespiratory values (PR, RR, SPO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , blood pressure, P\n                      <jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2032CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) were recorded every 5 mins for the duration of the procedure. Pain at injection, intubation and recovery were evaluated with simple descriptive scores. Feasibility of anaesthesia was evaluated by the number of top-ups of anaesthetic needed. Cat attitude, ability to walk and presence of ataxia were assessed several times after extubation (T\n                      <jats:sub>exmin<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and the time between injection and extubation recorded. Pain was assessed at T\n                      <jats:sub>ex120<\/jats:sub>\n                      and T\n                      <jats:sub>ex240<\/jats:sub>\n                      with the 4Avet-pain score.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The RR was significantly lower in group K at T\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      (RR\n                      <jats:sub>K<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 28 \u00b113.35 breaths per minute [brpm], RR\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 43.24 \u00b17.04 brpm) and T\n                      <jats:sub>15<\/jats:sub>\n                      (RR\n                      <jats:sub>K<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 28 \u00b111.53 brpm vs RR\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 43 \u00b112.18 brpm). Time to extubation was significantly longer in group A (T\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 62 \u00b114.6 mins, T\n                      <jats:sub>K<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 45.13 \u00b1 7.38 mins). Cats in group K needed more top-ups, were more ataxic at T\n                      <jats:sub>ex120<\/jats:sub>\n                      , had a worse recovery score at T\n                      <jats:sub>ex60<\/jats:sub>\n                      and were less willing to walk at T\n                      <jats:sub>ex30<\/jats:sub>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cats receiving alfaxalone had a longer but better quality recovery. Cardiorespiratory parameters were stable and within clinically acceptable values following IM injection of either alfaxalone or ketamine in healthy cats. Intramuscular alfaxalone is a suitable alternative to ketamine for short procedures requiring anaesthesia when used in combination with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x16657951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,12]],"date-time":"2016-07-12T05:57:12Z","timestamp":1468303032000},"page":"791-797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Comparison of intramuscular alfaxalone and ketamine combined with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol for castration in cats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Latifa","family":"Khenissi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, Langford Veterinary Services, University of Bristol, Langford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Nikolayenkova-Topie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anaesthesia and Critical Care Service, Oniris Teaching Hospital, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9gol\u00e8ne","family":"Broussaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anaesthesia and Critical Care Service, Oniris Teaching Hospital, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwenola","family":"Touzot-Jourde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anaesthesia and Critical Care Service, Oniris Teaching Hospital, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12157"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367781780959107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.222.37"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2011.00699.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2011.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"424","article-title":"Comparison of the clinical utility of medetomidine\/ketamine and xylazine\/ketamine combinations for the ovariectomy of cats","volume":"127","author":"Verstegen J","year":"1990","unstructured":"Verstegen J, Fargetton X, Donnay I, et al. 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