{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T10:57:49Z","timestamp":1793444269678,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective was to identify clinical or ultrasonographic results associated with ureteral obstruction or outcome in cats with azotaemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of cats with azotaemia (serum creatinine &gt;180 \u03bcmol\/l) that had ultrasonography of the urinary tract, ultrasound images available for review and received treatment for azotaemia. Cats with pre-renal azotaemia or urethral obstruction were excluded. Associations between clinical and ultrasonographic results and the dependent variables \u2018tentative diagnosis of ureteral obstruction\u2019, \u2018pyelography positive for ureteral obstruction\u2019 and \u2018death in hospital\u2019 were tested using binary logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 238 cats satisfied the inclusion criteria. Median age was 7 years (range 2 weeks to 20 years), duration of clinical signs was 7 days (range 1 day to 6.3 years) and serum creatinine was 417 \u03bcmol\/l (range 184\u20132100 \u03bcmol\/l). Tentative diagnosis of ureteral obstruction in 92\/238 (39%) cats was significantly associated with unilateral enlarged kidney on palpation, and dilated renal pelvis and calculi within the ureter on ultrasonography. Pyelography was performed in 49\/92 (53%) cats (16 bilateral) with a tentative diagnosis of ureteral obstruction, and was positive for obstruction in 46\/65 (71%) instances. No significant differences in ultrasonographic signs were found between cats with obstructed and non-obstructed ureters. Receiver\u2013operating characteristic analysis of renal pelvic diameter as a diagnostic test for ureteral obstruction found an area under the curve not significantly different from 0.5. There was good agreement between results of radiography and ultrasonography for presence of urinary calculi (kappa 0.67). Treatment was medical in 171 (72%) cats and surgical (ureteral stent or by-pass device) in 67 (28%). Death in hospital was significantly associated with serum creatinine and presence of peritoneal fluid, but not with clinical diagnosis, ultrasonographic signs or treatment method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasonography may be used to identify azotaemic cats at greatest risk of ureteral obstruction, but when using pyelography as the reference test ultrasonography appears to be inaccurate for diagnosis of ureteral obstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x17694253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,20]],"date-time":"2017-02-20T04:43:49Z","timestamp":1487565829000},"page":"15-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of cats with ureteral obstruction"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Christopher R","family":"Lamb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Cortellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Halfacree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985814568358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2013.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.226.932"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0410039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.247.5.518"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2010.01729.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Renal pelvic and ureteral ultrasonographic characteristics of cats with chronic kidney disease in comparison with normal cats, and cats with pyelonephritis or ureteral obstruction","volume":"18","author":"Quimby JM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Quimby JM, Dowers K, Herndon AK, et al. Renal pelvic and ureteral ultrasonographic characteristics of cats with chronic kidney disease in comparison with normal cats, and cats with pyelonephritis or ureteral obstruction. 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