{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:46:35Z","timestamp":1792586795938,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]],"date-time":"2018-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lispro insulin for the treatment of feline diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Times to resolution of hyperglycaemia, ketosis and acidosis were compared between cats treated with continuous rate infusion (CRI) of lispro insulin and cats treated with CRI of regular insulin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Client-owned cats with naturally occurring DKA, newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) or already receiving treatment for DM, were included. Diagnosis of DKA involved the presence of at least two clinical signs consistent with DKA (eg, polyuria\/polydipsia, anorexia, severe lethargy, vomiting and dehydration), blood glucose (BG) concentration &gt;13.9 mmol\/l (&gt;250 mg\/dl), blood beta hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration &gt;2.5 mmol\/l and venous pH &lt;7.3 or bicarbonate &lt;15 mEq\/l. Cats were treated with a standard protocol of an intravenous (IV) CRI of regular insulin (group R) or lispro insulin (group L). The time to resolution of DKA was defined as the time interval from when the IV CRI of insulin began until marked hyperglycaemia (BG &gt;13.9 mmol\/l [&gt;250 mg\/dl]), ketosis (BHB concentration &gt;1 mmol\/l) and acidosis (venous pH &lt;7.3 and\/or bicarbonate &lt;15 mEq\/l) resolved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighteen DKA cases (nine per group) were enrolled into the study. There were no significant differences in the median time to resolution of three variables (hyperglycaemia, ketosis and acidosis) between the two groups. Two cats in group R developed hypoglycaemia during the CRI of insulin. One cat in group L and three cats in group R developed hypophosphataemia, which required phosphate supplementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IV CRI of lispro insulin has few side effects and appears to be as effective as IV CRI of regular insulin in the treatment of cats with DKA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x18761696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]],"date-time":"2018-03-07T09:43:20Z","timestamp":1520415800000},"page":"115-123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Use of lispro insulin for treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in cats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Malerba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Mazzarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Del Baldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Corradini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaia","family":"Carotenuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Giunti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3121-2199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Fracassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1997.211.02.188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02895.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2009.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2010.00567.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4557-4456-5.00008-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(95)50059-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197708042970502"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.83109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.43.3.396"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00417697"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2007.00734.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Lilly. Annual reports. https:\/\/investor.lilly.com\/financials.cfm"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2012.00719.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2012.01204.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1993.202.08.1266"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"108","article-title":"Assessment of two portable blood glucose meters for use in cats and dogs","volume":"2","author":"Fracassi F","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fracassi F, Hadar GS, Pietra M, et al. Assessment of two portable blood glucose meters for use in cats and dogs. J Vet Clin Sci 2009; 2: 108\u2013121.","journal-title":"J Vet Clin Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.25.1.72"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707173370307"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357991772295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.8.1873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.8.1856"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1368-5031.2006.00786.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.28.6.577"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2009.00569.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2010.00567.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"35","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of continuous rate infusion of regular insulin intravenously for the management of feline diabetic ketoacidosis","volume":"56","author":"Bollinger PN","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bollinger PN, Moore LE. Retrospective evaluation of continuous rate infusion of regular insulin intravenously for the management of feline diabetic ketoacidosis. Can Vet J 2015; 56: 35\u201338.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12415"}],"container-title":["Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X18761696","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1098612X18761696","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1098612X18761696","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:24:17Z","timestamp":1792585457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1098612X18761696"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1098612X18761696"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1098612x18761696","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-612X","1532-2750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-612X","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2750","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]]}}}